bailar to dance cantar to sing correr to run dibujar to draw escribir cuentos to write stories escuchar música to liste

3. to talk about activities bailar to dance cantarto sing correrto run dibujarto draw escribir cuentosto write stories escuchar músicato listen to music esquiar to ski hablar por teléfonoto talk on the phone ir a la escuela to go to school jugar videojuegosto play video games leer revistas to read magazines montar en bicicletato ride a bicycle

4. to talk about activities montar en monopatínto skateboard nadarto swim pasar tiempo conto spend time with amigosfriends patinarto skate practicar deportesto play sports tocar la guitarrato play the guitar trabajar to work usar la computadorato use the computer ver la teleto watch television

5. to say what you like to do (A mí) me gusta .I like to ____. (A mí) me gustaI like to ____ better. más .(I prefer to .) (A mí) me gustaI like to ____ a lot. mucho . A mí también.I do too.

6. to say what you don’t like to do (A mí) no me gusta .I don’t like to . (A mí) no me gustaI don’t like nada .to at all. A mí tampoco.I don’t (like to) either. to ask others what they like to do ¿Qué te gusta hacer?What do you like to do? ¿Qué te gustaWhat do you like más?(prefer) better? ¿Te gusta ?Do you like to ? ¿Y a ti?And you?

7. other useful words and expressions ni . . . nineither . . . nor, not . . . or o or pues . . .well . . . síyes tambiénalso, too yand

8. Definite and indefinite articles

9. Word order: Placement of adjectives In Spanish, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe. Notice how artísticafollows chicain the Spanish sentence. Margarita esunachicaartística.Margarita is an artistic girl.

10. Word order: Placement of adjectives

11. Word order: Placement of adjectives SubjectMargaritaPablo La Sra. Ortiz Verbeseses Indefinite article + noununa chicaun estudiante una profesora Adjectivemuy artistica.inteligente. muy buena.

12. to talk about what you and others are like artístico, -aartistic atrevido, -adaring bueno, -a good deportista sports-minded desordenado, -amessy estudioso, -astudious gracioso, -afunny impacienteimpatient inteligenteintelligent ordenado, -aneat paciente patient perezoso, -alazy

13. to talk about what you and others are like reservado, -areserved, shy serio, -aserious simpático, -anice, friendly sociablesociable talentoso, -atalented trabajador, -orahardworking

14. to say what you like to do (A mí) me gusta .I like to ____. (A mí) me gustaI like to ____ better. más .(I prefer to .) (A mí) me gustaI like to ____ a lot. mucho . A mí también.I do too.

15. to say what you don’t like to do (A mí) no me gusta .I don’t like to . (A mí) no me gustaI don’t like nada .to at all. A mí tampoco.I don’t (like to) either. to ask others what they like to do ¿Qué te gusta hacer?What do you like to do? ¿Qué te gustaWhat do you like más?(prefer) better? ¿Te gusta ?Do you like to ? ¿Y a ti?And you?

16. other useful words and expressions ni . . . nineither . . . nor, not . . . or o or pues . . .well . . . síyes tambiénalso, too yand

17. El horario de Alicia Vocabulario y gramática en contexto

18. El horario de Alicia Vocabulario y gramática en contexto

19. Subject pronouns Here are all the subject pronouns in Spanish:

20. Subject pronouns Tú, usted, ustedes, and vosotros(as) all mean “you.” • Use tú with family, friends, people your age or younger, and anyone you call by his or her first name. • Use usted with adults you address with a title, such as señor, señora, profesor(a), etc. Usted is usually written as Ud.• In Latin America, use ustedes when speaking to two or more people, regardless of age. Ustedes is usually written as Uds. • In Spain, use vosotros(as) when speaking to two or more people you call tú individually: tú + tú = vosotros(as). Use ustedes when talking to two or more people you call usted individually.

21. Subject pronouns You can combine a subject pronoun and a name to form a subject. Alejandro y yo = nosotrosPepe y tú = ustedes Carlos y ella = ellosLola y ella = ellas

22. Present tense of –ar verbs

23. Present tense of –ar verbs You already know that the infinitive forms of Spanish verbs always end in -ar, -er, or -ir. The largest group of verbs end in -ar. Hablar is one of these -ar verbs. You will want to use verbs in ways other than in the infinitive form. To do this, you will drop the -ar ending and make changes.

24. Present tense of –ar verbs To create the forms of most -ar verbs, you first drop the -ar from the infinitive, leaving the stem: hablar habl- Then you add the verb endings -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, or -an to the stem.

25. Present tense of –ar verbs Here are all the forms of hablar: (nosotros)(nosotras) (yo) hablo hablamos (vosotros)(vosotras) (tú) hablas habláis Ud.(él) habla (ella) Uds. (ellos)(ellas) hablan

26. Present tense of –ar verbs In Spanish, the present tense form of a verb can be translated into English in two ways: Habloespañol. I speakSpanish. I am speakingSpanish.

27. Present tense of –ar verbs The verb endings always indicate who is doing the action. In this case, they tell who is speaking. Because of this, you can often use the verb without a subject: Habloinglés. ¿Hablasespañol?

28. Present tense of –ar verbs Subject pronouns are often used for emphasis or clarification. Ellahabla inglés pero élhabla español.

29. to talk about your school day el almuerzolunch la claseclass la clase de . . . . . . class arte art español Spanish ciencias naturalesscience ciencias socialessocial studies educación físicaphysical education

30. to talk about your school day inglés English matemáticas mathematics tecnologíatechnology/computers el horarioschedule en la . . . horain the . . . hour (class period) la tareahomework

31. to describe school activities enseñar to teach estudiarto study hablar to talk

32. to talk about the order of things primero*, -afirst segundo, -asecond tercero*, -athird cuarto, -afourth quinto, -afifth sexto, -asixth séptimo, -a seventh octavo, -aeighth noveno, -aninth décimo, -atenth

33. to talk about things you need for school la calculadoracalculator la carpeta de argollasthree-ring binder el diccionariodictionary necesito I need necesitas you need

34. to describe your classes aburrido, -aboring difícil difficult divertido, -aamusing, fun fácil easy favorito, -afavorite interesanteinteresting práctico, -apractical más . . . quemore . . . than

35. other useful words a ver . . .Let’s see ¿Quién?Who? parafor mucho a lot (yo) tengoI have (tú) tienes you have

36. subject pronouns

37. other useful words hablo hablamos hablas habláis habla hablan

39. Vocabulario y gramática en contexto El cuaderno está debajo de lacalculadora. La calculadora está encima delcuaderno. Los bolígrafos están al lado deldiccionario. La bandera está detrás de lacomputadora. La silla está delante de lamesa.

40. The verb estar

41. The verb estar The -ar verbs you have used until now are called regular verbs because they follow a regular pattern. Verbs that do not follow a regular pattern are called irregular verbs.Estar is irregular because the yo form doesn’t follow a regular pattern and because the forms estás, está, and están require accent marks.Use estar to tell how someone feels or where someone or something is located.

42. The verb estar

43. The plurals of nouns and articles

44. The plurals of nouns and articles To make nouns plural you usually add -s to words ending in a vowel and -es to words ending in a consonant. silla sillasteclado tecladoscartel carteles Singular nouns that end in z change the z to c in the plural. el lápiz los lápices

45. The plurals of nouns and articles The plural definite articles are los and las. Like el and la, they both mean “the.” las sillas the chairs The plural indefinite articles are unos and unas. They both mean “some” or “a few.” unos carteles some posters

46. The plurals of nouns and articles

47. to talk about classroom items la banderaflag el cartelposter la computadoracomputer el disquetediskette la mochilabookbag, backpack la pantalla(computer) screen la papelerawastepaper basket el ratón(computer) mouse el relojclock el sacapuntaspencil sharpener el teclado(computer) keyboard

48. to talk about classroom furniture el escritoriodesk la mesatable la sillachair to talk about parts of a classroom la puertadoor la ventanawindow

49. to indicate location al lado de la / delnext to, beside allí there aquí here debajo de la / delunderneath delante de la / delin front of detrás de la / delbehind ¿Dónde?Where? en in, on encima de la / delon top of

50. to indicate posession deof mi my tuyour to identify (description, quantity) Es un(a) . . .It’s a . . . HayThere is, There are ¿Qué es esto?What is this?