Deconstruct the following Free Response Question

1. Deconstruct the following Free Response Question Compare and contrast the European “Old Imperialism” in Africa and Asia with the European domination of the New World between 1450 and 1700.

2. “Religion supplies the pretext and gold the motive.” This statement was a contemporary characterization of A. the launching of the Spanish Armada B. the execution of Charles I C. the posting of the Ninety-five Theses D. new religious orders such as the Ursulines and Jesuits E. Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World

3. 30 Years’ War • -4 Phases • -Catholics vs. Protestants • -Starts religious, ends secular

4. Bohemian Ferdinand II Catholic • -Bohemians overthrow Ferdinand II (Hapsburg + Catholic) • -Nobles choose Frederick V (P) as leader • -Protestants get free of Ferd. --> defenestration of Prague • -Ferdinand fights back w/ Spanish, pushes Protties out of Bohemia Frederick V Protestant

6. Danish • -Protestants in England, France, Netherlands want Habsburgs out • -Danish king sends in troops to HRE • -wants land in northern Germany • -Ferdinand uses Wallenstein as a commander • -Danes defeated, Ferdinand is power tripping • -Issues Edict of Restitution

7. Wallenstein

9. Swedish • -Gustavus Adolphus - King of Sweden - Lutheran - brings nation into power • -Successful at first, but HRE nobles recall Wallenstein • -Both Wallenstein + Adolphus die • -Germany wins, remains Catholic in south • -Edict annulled to appease nobles

10. Swedish • -Gustavus Adolphus - King of Sweden - Lutheran - brings nation into power • -Successful at first, but HRE nobles recall Wallenstein • -Both Wallenstein + Adolphus die • -Germany wins, remains Catholic in south • -Edict annulled to appease nobles Wallenstein’s assassination

11. French Phase • -Catholic French support Protestant Swedes, demise of Habsburgs • -French able to get Alsace and Rhineland, Swedes get Northern Germany + fight in Bohemia • -French beat Spanish (allied w/ HRE) and eventually war ends with Peace of Westphalia

12. Treaty of Westphalia - • Renews peace of Augsburg - adds Calvinism • Swedes get $$ • Guarantees Germany remains divided • Habsburgs are weakened, France, Sweden, Prussia get power • Dissolution of HRE official (Netherlands, Switzerland gone)