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Measurement, Verification, and Forecasting Protocols for Demand Response Resources:. Chuck Goldman CAGoldman@lbl.gov Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory NARUC-FERC Demand Response Collaborative Washington DC February 18, 2007. Why is DR M&V and forecasting important?.
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Measurement, Verification, and Forecasting Protocols for Demand Response Resources: Chuck Goldman CAGoldman@lbl.gov Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory NARUC-FERC Demand Response Collaborative Washington DC February 18, 2007
Role of DR in Electric Power Systems • DR options include price-based DR (time-varying electricity tariffs) and incentive-based DR (programs that pay for load reductions) • Incentive-based DR: “dispatchable”; event-based • Linkage between retail rate design/DR programs and wholesale market design/structure
DR Measurement/Verification and Forecasting: Challenges & Issues • Significant diversity among DR Resources • M&V methods may vary: Default with Alternatives • DR Load impacts for Customer settlement vs. B/C tests and resource planning • M&V Protocols: Standardization vs. Flexibility? • ISOs have made progress (across product markets; “mass market”) • “Firming up the DR resource”? • Price-based DR (RTP, CPP, TOU) rarely treated as a “resource” • Events are rare: Role of periodic “testing” of resource capability? • Linking DR program evaluation results to Market Potential and forecasting assessments?
DR M&V Resources & References • KEMA-XENERGY, 2003. Protocol Development for Demand Response Calculation – Findings and Recommendations, Prepared for California Energy Commission, CEC-400-02-017F, February. • Summit Blue Consulting LLC. and Quantum Consulting Inc., 2006. Protocols for Estimating the Load Impacts from DR Program, Prepared for CPUC/ CEC Working Group 2: Evaluation Committee, April 3. • LBNL Electricity Markets and Policy Publications http://eetd.lbl.gov/ea/EMS/drlm-pubs.html • Goldman, C. et al., 2007. Estimating Demand Response Market Potential among Large Commercial and Industrial Customers: A Scoping Study, LBNL-61498, January. • Hopper, N. et al., 2006. Customer Response to Day-Ahead Market Hourly Pricing: Choices and Performance, LBNL-58114. June.
Definition of Demand Response “Changes in electric usage by end-use customers from their normal consumption patterns in response to changes in the price of electricity over time, or to incentive payments designed to induce lower electricity use at times of high wholesale market prices or when system reliability is jeopardized.” - Benefits of Demand Response in Electricity Markets, U.S. Department of Energy
Incentive-based Programs Direct Load Control (DLC) Interruptible/curtailable rated (I/C) Demand bidding/Buy-back programs (DB) Emergency Demand Response Programs (EDRP) Capacity Programs (CAP) Ancillary Services markets program (A/S) Time-based rates Time-of-use (TOU) Critical peak pricing (CPP) Real-time pricing (RTP) Demand Response Resources Classification