THE JACKSON PRESIDENCY AND JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY

1. THE JACKSON PRESIDENCY AND JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY

2. H/O 1828 ushered in the beginning of the modern political party system

3. Jackson had been denied the presidency in 1824 despite winning a plurality of the vote He put together a support network

4. coalition of state political organizations, newspaper publishers, and other community leaders

5. That group became the present-day Democratic party

6. Jackson accused Adams of being a corrupt career politician, while Adams accused Jackson of being a stupid and violent drunkard

7. The modern political campaign was born

8. H/O He dismissed numerous government -officials and replaced them with political supporters Trading jobs for political favors came to be known as the "spoils system."

9. Jacksonian democracy replaced Jeffersonian democracy

10. Jefferson had conceived of a nation governed by middle- and upper-class educated property holders, in which the government would be only as large as absolutely necessary

11. Jacksonian democracy was based on universal manhood suffrage, meaning the extension of voting rights to all white males, even those who did not own property

12. A strong presidency also characterized Jacksonian democracy

13. Jacksonian democracy is not a coherent vision of how a government should function

14. Strongest support came from the western frontier states Jackson accordingly pursued an aggressive Indian removal program

15. The Supreme Court had protected Native American rights to their land in Cherokee Nation v. Georgiaand Worcester v. Georgia

16. Jackson forcibly evicted tribes Removal Act of 1830set in motion the events that resulted in the Trail of Tears

17. Jackson wanted to “downsize” the federal government.

18. He saw to it that the Second Bank of the United States failed Deposited Federal funds in state banks

19. Remember, Clay (the American System) had helped deny Jackson the presidency earlier

20. Jackson put a halt to all programs associated with Clay's American System

21. made extensive use of the presidential veto

22. One of the major issues of Jackson's presidency focused on nullification

23. Individual states have the right to disobey federal laws if they find them unconstitutional

24. View expressed by Jefferson and Madison in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

25. Tariff of 1828 also known as the Tariff of Abominations

26. Became a national crisis during Jackson's administration Some states started to consider nullifying the tariff in 1830

27. 1830 nullification movement failed Laid the groundwork for opposition to the Tariff of 1832, which South Carolina nullified

28. Compromise Tariff (1833) agreed to reduce tariff gradually over time (1842) but gave president power to employ troops to collect from the states.

29. Jackson threatened to call in troops crisis subsided with the compromise However ……..

30. it would continue to be an issue until the War Between the States

31. Jackson's economic policies demonstrated his distrust of both big government and Northeastern power brokers

32. Political expediency seemed to affect Jackson’s efforts (just as they had Calhoun’s).

33. (He may not have wanted BIG government, but he did want POWERFUL Presidency.)

34. suspicious of paper money Specie Circular ended the policy of selling government land on credit (buyers now had to pay "hard cash")

35. … caused a money shortage, a sharp decrease in the treasury, and overall economic hardship

36. H/O Slavery Civil War – Road to War H/O

37. controversial issue during Jackson's tenure

38. South experienced several slave revolts Nat Turner's Rebellion

39. Turner had a vision and took this vision as a sign from God that a black liberation movement would succeed

40. rallied a gang that proceeded to kill and then mutilate the corpses of sixty whites

41. In retaliation, 200 slaves were executed States passed a series of restrictive laws, known as black codes, prohibiting blacks from congregating and learning to read

42. THE ELECTION OF 1836 AND THE RISE OF THE WHIGS

43. Jackson's Democratic party could not represent the interests of all its constituencies Northern abolitionists, Southern plantation owners, Western pioneers

44. 1834 Opposition party, the Whigs, was formed … loose coalition that shared opposition to one or more of the Democrats' policies

45. Whigs believed in government activism --supported the temperance movement and enforcement of the Sabbath (Sunday Blue Laws)

46. 1836, Jackson supported his second vice-president, democrat Martin Van Buren, who …

47. had the misfortune to take over the presidency just as the country entered a major economic crisis (Panic of 1837)

48. Van Buren made the situation worse by continuing Jackson's policy of favoring hard currency Downturn lasted through Van Buren's term

49. 1841, former military hero William Henry Harrison became the first Whig president He died of pneumonia a month after taking office

50. John Tyler, a former Democrat, assumed the presidency … began championing states' rights … much to his own party's chagrin