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Protacanthopterygii, Paracanthopterygii, and predator avoidance

Lab 7. Protacanthopterygii, Paracanthopterygii, and predator avoidance. Shoaling. 25% of all fishes shoal Dilution and confusion Shoal: any group of fishes that remains together for social reasons School: a polarized, synchronized shoal. Camouflage. Counter-color shading True camouflage.

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Protacanthopterygii, Paracanthopterygii, and predator avoidance

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  1. Lab 7 Protacanthopterygii,Paracanthopterygii,and predator avoidance

  2. Shoaling • 25% of all fishes shoal • Dilution and confusion • Shoal: any group of fishes that remains together for social reasons • School: a polarized, synchronized shoal

  3. Camouflage • Counter-color shading • True camouflage

  4. Chemicals • Poison through mutualism • Poison spines • Schreckstoff Broad-barred firefish (Pterois antennata) clownfish (Amphiprion spp) Black bullhead (Ameiurus melas)

  5. Spines • Common characteristic of derived fishes • Discourages attacks • Hard to swallow bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) balloonfish (Diodon holocanthus )

  6. Armor Hassar (Hoplosternum littorale) Flying Tropical two-winged flying fish (Exocoetus volitans)

  7. Superorder Protacanthopterygii “Before spiny ray” • Composed of 3 orders: Salmoniformes, Esociformes, and Osmeriformes • Cycloid scales, no spiny fins, physostomous gas bladder Superorder Paracanthoptherygii “Like spiny ray” • 2 orders in our collection : Gadiformes, Percopsiformes • Ctenoid scales, spines on dorsal, pelvic, and anal fins • Maxilla separated from premaxilla, but not protractile

  8. Order: Salmoniformes • Family Salmonidae • Most thrive in cold water • Native only to northern hemisphere (but widely introduced) • Have an adipose fin and axillary process

  9. Salmon and TroutFamily: Salmonidae • 3 Genera in our collection • Oncorhynchus (Pacific salmon and trout) (2) • Salmo (Atlantic salmon and trout) (1) • Salvelinus (Chars) (2) Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

  10. Telling Trout from Chars

  11. Whitefishes & Cisco Genus: Coregonus • Unknown number of species (at least 50) • Great Lakes used to have lots of species, many endemic…only a few remaining. Many species were not even named. Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)

  12. WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/ Brook trout Brown trout Rainbow trout

  13. SmeltFamily: Osmeridae • 7 genera, 16 species; only 1 species in Wisconsin • Generally a coastal, anadromous fish • Have adipose fin, but don’t have axillary process rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax)

  14. PikesFamily: Esocidae • 1 genera (Esox), 6 species; 3 in Wisconsin • Circumpolar (esp. northern pike) • All species are extremely piscivorous • Fins in primitive position, have duck-like bill Northern pike (Esox lucius)

  15. MudminnowFamily: Umbridae • 3 genera, 5 species; 1 in Wisconsin • Found only in N. America and Siberia • Known for their ability to survive low oxygen levels • Separated from minnows by round caudal fin Central mudminnow (Umbra limi)

  16. SuperorderParacanthopterygii

  17. Trout-PerchesFamily: Percopsidae • 1 genera, 2 species; 1 in Wisconsin • Have adipose fin, but have weak fin spines • Ctenoid scales = ? Trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus)

  18. Pirate perchesFamily: Aphredoderidae • 1 genus, 1 species • Characterized by anus under their chin Pirate perch (Aphredoderus sayanus)

  19. BurbotFamily: Lotidae • 6 genera, 21 species; only 1 in Wisconsin • Mostly marine and brackish water species • No spines • Thoracic pelvic fins • Single barbel under chin burbot (Lota lota)

  20. FIRST PLACE 'POUT!Carl Shimer won this year's event with a 13.55 pound eelpout!

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