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2. Empty slide to keep flashcards in order

3. What is evolution?

4. What is evolution? Change in organisms over a long time

5. In order for evolution to occur, there must be _____________ __________ present.

6. In order for evolution to occur, there must be NATURALVARIATION present.

7. James HuttonCharles Lyell Hutton and Lyell were geologists who stated the Earth was _________ years old, not thousands that people thought.

8. James HuttonCharles Lyell Hutton and Lyell were geologists who stated the Earth was MILLIONS of years old, not thousands.

9. Who wrote about human population growth eventually exceeding the Earth’s resources threatening our species survival?

10. Who wrote about human population growth eventually exceeding the Earth’s resources threatening our species survival? MALTHUS

11. Most species produce many more offspring than the resources in that area can handle. This leads to a situation called ________?

12. Most species produce many more offspring than the resources in that area can handle. This leads to a situation called: Struggle for Existence

13. Lamark What 3 evolution ideas did Lamark have? Not all were accurate (Hint: “Lamark missed the mark”)

14. Lamark • Species strive for perfection and complexity • “Use it, or lose it” • Acquired traits are passed on to offspring

15. Darwin proposed the theory of __________ _________.

16. Darwin proposed the theory of NATURAL SELECTION

17. Darwin He studied the Galapagos finches and examined how they evolved. He used the term: _______________________

18. Darwin Studied the Galapagos finches and examined how they evolved. He used the term: “Survival of the Fittest”

19. What is the type of adaptation that new species originate from one ancestor like Darwin’s finches? “Tweak the Beak”

20. Adaptive Radiation

21. Darwin said that the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment is called its ______________.

22. Darwin said that the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment is called its FITNESS!

23. Name the type of evolutionary change where there is a long period of steady evolution and then a sudden event such as a volcano eruption? A man by the name of Gould came up with this idea.

24. Punctuated Equilibrium A man by the name of Gould came up with this idea.

25. Structures from same ancestor, with same bone structure, but with different functions are called _________________structures.

26. Structures from same ancestor, with same structure, but with different functions are called Homologous (Homo=same) structures.

27. Structures from different ancestors, but perform similar function are called ______________ structures. Example: wings for flying

28. Structures from different ancestors, but perform same function are called Analogous Ana=“not” structures.

29. _____organs are ones that are reduced in size and have no known function any longer.

30. Vestigial organs are ones that are reduced in size and have no known function any longer.

31. What is a fossil?

32. What is a fossil? Preserved remains of a living organism

33. Who studies fossils? What is it called to date a fossil? Where are the oldest fossils found in soil?

34. Who studies fossils? Paleontologists What is it called to date a fossil? Relative Dating : position of fossil in Earth’s rock layers Where are the oldest fossils found in soil? Lowest rock layers

35. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Principle Name the 5 parts to the Hardy-Weinberg principle to maintain genetic equilibrium?

36. Genetic Equilibrium will occur if ALL of the following 5 conditions must exist (this is highly unlikely to ever happen) No mutations No emigration/immigration No natural selection Must be a large population Random mating must occur

37. All the combined alleles in a population (species living in an area) is called the ____ ____.

38. All the combined alleles in a population (species living in an area) is called the gene pool.

39. What is the gene frequency change in a small population which is due to chanceor random event?

40. Genetic Drift

41. What is it called when a few organisms leave their original habitat and start a new colony with fewer allele frequency than the original colony?

42. What is it called when a few organisms leave their original habitat and start a new colony with fewer allele frequency than the original colony? FOUNDER EFFECT

43. A species is an organism that can _____________ and produce ____________ __________. Horse Donkey Mule

44. A species is an organism that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring. Horse Donkey Mules are not a species

45. Why do some species evolve faster than others? Example: antibiotic resistant bacteria (don’t respond to an antibiotic)

46. Why do some species evolve faster than others? Example: antibiotic resistant bacteria (don’t respond to an antibiotic) Bacteria reproduce so rapidly they can mutate (change/evolve) faster than larger organisms that reproduce slower.

47. What is natural selection? What is artificial selection?

48. Natural Selection: Nature selects the best traits for survival Changes allele frequency Artificial selection: Man selects best traits to breed.

49. Name 3 types of “Reproductive Isolation” Define each one.

50. Types of Reproductive Isolation Behavioral Isolation: Traits or habits preventing reproduction (the mating song or dance of a bird) Geographical Isolation: Land separation of individuals in a species keeping them from reproducing (oceans, rivers, canyons, etc.) Temporal Isolation: Mating season is different such as winter vs. spring or April vs. October or night vs. day.