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Rat Bite Fever Project

Rat Bite Fever Project. Microbiology Spring 2011/ FMCC http:// ratbitefeverproject.wordpress.com. The Amazing Rat. Introduction to Emilii. Rat facts . 数独 Soduko Discovered in Japan. Soduko. Discovered in 1908 in urban areas with poor sanitation in far east Japan

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Rat Bite Fever Project

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  1. Rat Bite Fever Project Microbiology Spring 2011/ FMCC http://ratbitefeverproject.wordpress.com

  2. The Amazing Rat Introduction to Emilii

  3. Rat facts

  4. 数独SodukoDiscovered in Japan

  5. Soduko • Discovered in 1908 in urban areas with poor sanitation in far east Japan • Disease caused by the bacteria spirillum minus; a bacteria naturally carried by rats • Transmission of illness through the skin by the bite of a rat • Mortality rate 10%

  6. S. minus ; is a genus of gram-negative spiral and curved bacteria including one species S. minus which is pathogenic for rats and the cause of Soduko in Japan.

  7. Soduko is not considered a major disease because it requires a human be bitten by a wild rat or other animal that has been colonized by the bacterium.

  8. Symptoms • Relapsing fever that may subside then spontaneously return; this condition can persist for several months • History of a rat bite that heals, the spontaneously returns as an ulcer that starts to break down the skin • Draining lymph nodes that swell and become painful • Body temperature rises over 104◦ F followed by an incubation period between 5-10 days

  9. Child suffers from rat bite

  10. Rash caused by S. minus, infant was bit by a rat

  11. Living With Rats

  12. Haverhill Fever

  13. Haverhill Fever • Discovered in 1926 in Haverhill, Mass; 86 individuals became ill from drinking milk that was contaminated with the bacteria Streptobacillusmoniliformis , this epidemic was the first documented on the illness • Acute febrile illness • Transmitted through rat urine, or feces through a cut or an open wound • People who live in rat infested homes are prone to the condition and laboratory workers who work with lab rats • The illness is naturally carried in the nose and throats of rats.

  14. Streptobacillusmoniliformis Gram stain smear of S. moniliformis on a blood agar medium

  15. Symptoms • High fever and chills • Headache • Myalgia and joint pain • Nausea and vomiting • Generalized rash resembling measles occurring on the extremities especially the hands and feet • Enlarged lymph nodes • Sore throat

  16. Generalized rash from Haverhill Fever

  17. Blisters caused by the bacteria S. moniliformis Hemorrhagic vesicles on the first and third toes of a patient

  18. Petechial and purpuric lesions

  19. Hemorrhagic pustule

  20. 6 year old with S. moniliformis

  21. Treatment with Penicillin Penicillin natural or semisynthetic used as an anti-bacterial antibiotic derived from the strains of fungi of the genus of penicillium these fungi exert a bacteriostatic effect on susceptible bacteria by interfering with the final stages of the synthesis of peptidoglycan Both cases of Rat Bite Fever can be treated with penicillin

  22. Treatment with Tetracycline Tetracycline inhibits bacteria by blocking protein synthesis Tetracycline crosses the membranes of bacteria and accumulates in the cytoplasm Binds to a single unit on the ribosome and blocks RNA interaction which stops the lengthening of the protein chain Both cases of Rat Bite Fever can be treated with tetracycline

  23. Fatal Cases • There were two deaths in 2003 caused from rat bite fever. • The victims were two healthy women; one from Florida the other from Washington State; both women died within 12 hours of being hospitalized. • The victim in Florida worked in a pet store and was bit by a rat and became infected with S. minus • The victim in Washington State owned 9 pet rats, she became infected with S. moniliformis

  24. Prevention • When handling rats the CDC suggests • Wearing protective gloves • Practice safe hand washing techniques after handling rats or coming in contact with rat urine or feces • Avoid hand to mouth contact with rats • If you are bitten by a rat clean and disinfect wound then seek prompt medical treatment • If you suspect a rat infestation in your home call an exterminator in to help remedy infestation.

  25. Cases of Rat Bite Fever • We have provided information on two separate patients with Rat Bite Fever • Your job is to diagnosis the patients with either Haverhill Fever, or Soduko from the information we have provided in our presentation.

  26. Make a Diagnosis • Patient #1 • 8 year old boy • Fever for 4 days accompanied by vomiting for 2 days followed by a sore throat. • The boy developed a headache, rash on his hands and feet; with complaints of myagias and neck pain. The onset of ambulation problems, pain and dizziness were also noted. • Recent purchase of a rat from a pet store, the rat died on the first day of illness. • Blood pressure 113/59 pulse 94, respiratory rate 24, temperature 38.4◦C • Head eyes, ears, nose and throat appeared normal • Urinalysis normal • Nasopharyngeal, rectal viral, aerobic bacteria cultures were negative • Gram stain of cerebrospinal fluid was negative. • The diagnosis is? • Patient #2 • 35 year old, white male • The wound healed. • 12 days later, there was an onset of erythema, swelling and tenderness at the site of the bite. • 24 hours later, lymphangitis set in extending up the left arm with onset of chills and fever. • On a peripheral blood smear stained with Wright’s stain showed an extracellular spiral organism. • 500 mg. of penicillin was taken orally for 7 days; all symptoms resolved 24 hours after starting therapy. • The diagnosis is?

  27. Carefully prepared by Erika Lindsay and Kalley Lee

  28. References Bergey, D. H., and John G. Holt. Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology . 9th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1994. Print. Board, A. F. (n.d.). Child with rat bite damage to face | Flickr – Photo Sharing!. Welcome to Flickr – Photo Sharing. Retrieved April 12, 2011, from http://www.flickr.com/photos/afpmb/4702958263/in/photostream Buggey, T. (2007, Summer). Storyboard for Ivan's morning routine. Diagram. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 9(3), 151. Retrieved December 14, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database. Casey, J., & caretaker., i. (n.d.). I have seen the whole of the internet: Cute Rats. I have seen the whole of the internet. Retrieved April 17, 2011, from http://joannecasey.blogspot.com/2009/02/cute-rats.html CDC - Rat-bite Fever: General Information - NCZVED. (n.d.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 16, 2011, from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/ratbite_fever/ "The Center for Food Security and Public Health." The Center for Food Security and Public Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. <http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/>. Cook, G. C., Manson, P., & Zumla, A. I. (2009). Manson's tropical diseases: expert consult online + print (22nd ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier, Saunders. Hart, C. A. (2004). Microterrors: the complete guide to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections that threaten our health. Buffalo, N.Y.: Firefly Books. 'Hoarders' Season Finale Looks Rat-Tastic." Warming Glow is a blog dedicated to the best and worst of television programming. Mostly the worst.. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. <http://warmingglow.uproxx.com/2011/01/rats>. Isolation of Streptobacillusmoniliformis from the blood of a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia De AS, Baveja SM, Salunke PM, Manglani MV - Indian J Med Microbiol. (n.d.). Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology: Free full text articles from Indian J Med Microbiol. Retrieved April 16, 2011, from http://www.ijmm.org/article.asp?issn=0255- 0857%3B Miller, B. F., & Keane, C. B. (1992). Encyclopedia & dictionary of medicine, nursing, & allied health (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTWiaH_oCCY&feature=related Murray, P. R. (1994). Medical microbiology (2nd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. NairbXFilms. " YouTube - Why I dont eat at Taco Bell anymore ." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7panHusYIU&feature=related>. of, the near-simultaneous description. "Rat Bite Fever and Streptobacillusmoniliformis -- Elliott 20 (1): 13 -- Clinical Microbiology Reviews." Clinical Microbiology Reviews. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2011. <http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/content/full/20/1/13>. of, t. n. (n.d.). Rat Bite Fever and Streptobacillusmoniliformis -- Elliott 20 (1): 13 -- Clinical Microbiology Reviews. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. Retrieved April 17, 2011, from http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/content/full/20/1/13 Ojukwu, I., & Christy, C. (2002). Rat-bite fever in children: case report and review. Scandinavian Journal Of Infectious Diseases, 34(6), 474-477. Retrieved from EBSCOhost Rat bite fever caused by Streptobacillusmoniliformis in a child: human infection and rat carriage diagnosed by PCR -- Andre et al. 58 (11): 1215 -- Journal of Clinical Pathology . (n.d.). Journal of Clinical Pathology - BMJ Journals . Retrieved April 17, 2011, from http://jcp.bmj.com/content/58/11/1215.abstract Rat-Bite Fever: Spirochetes: Merck Manual Professional . (n.d.). Merck & Co., Inc. is a global research-driven pharmaceutical products company.. Retrieved April 13, 2011, from http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/sec14/ch174/ch174e.html Red Book® Online — Image of the Week for December 26, 2005. (n.d.). Red Book® Online. Retrieved April 12, 2011, from http://aapredbook.aappublications.org/week/iotw122605.dtl streptobacillary fever. (2011). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from http://ep.fmcc.edu:5020/EBchecked/topic/568801/streptobacillary-fever wildirishswan. " YouTube - Infested!- Giant Rat Invasion! ." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5oIuMNO-Q8>. Willard « Rob's Movie Vault. (n.d.). Rob's Movie Vault. Retrieved April 16, 2011, from http://robsmovievault.wordpress.com/2003/03/14/willard Wilson, Simone. "Palisades Rathouse: Unchallenged by Health Officials, Elderly Twins Fed Local Vermin Population - Page 1 - News - Los Angeles - LA Weekly." Los Angeles News, Events, Restaurants, Music LA Weekly. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2011. http://www.laweekly.com/2008-07-31/news/rathouse-of-the-palisades/ http://ratbitefeverproject.wordpress.com

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