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BIOSENSORS

BIOSENSORS. By: Dan Lander Haru Yamamoto Sabiha Hasan. Outline of Presentation. Introduction Background Information Applications Examples Conclusion. Introduction.

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BIOSENSORS

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  1. BIOSENSORS By: Dan Lander Haru Yamamoto Sabiha Hasan

  2. Outline of Presentation • Introduction • Background Information • Applications • Examples • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • A biosensor can basically be defined as a device that detects, records, and transmits information regarding a physiological change or the presence of various chemical or biological materials in the environment. • A more technical elaboration of a biosensor will be further discussed in subsequent slides.

  4. Background Information • More specifically a biosensor is made up of a biological component such as bacterium integrated with an electrical component to yield a measurable signal. • Five major parts that make up most biosensors include: a biological sensor, transducer, signal conditioner, data processor and signal generator.

  5. Background Continued… • Biological Sensor: surveys the biological concentrations in the environment. • Transducer: converts the input biological concentration sampled into electrical energy. • Signal Conditioner: checks whether an output signal should be generated based on the input sampled.

  6. Background Continued… • Data Processor: extracts data about the input concentration sampled. • Signal Generator: generates the appropriate output signal based on the input sampled. • These terms outline the basic procedures occurring inside of a biosensor.

  7. Applications • Three general important applications of biosensors that we will discuss are: • 1.) Bio-Hazard detection • 2.) Chemical level detection • 3.) Health Abnormality detection

  8. Applications • Bio-Hazard Detection • Two forms of Biosensors • A.) Survival or Death Detection • Biological substance in the biosensor dies in the presence of a hazardous material. • B.) Measured concentration level Detection • Biological substance in the biosensor reacts to a certain threshold concentration level.

  9. Example : Fiber-Optic BiosensorHow to detect Bio-Hazard? Bacterium http://cdli.asm.org/cgi/content/full/5/5/609?view=full&pmid=9729524

  10. Example : Fiber-Optic BiosensorHow to detect Bio-Hazard? Antibody Bacterium

  11. How to detect bacterium Antibody Bacterium

  12. Example : Fiber-Optic BiosensorHow to detect Bio-Hazard? Fiber-Optic Sensor Antibody Bacterium

  13. Conductor Example : Bionic ChipHow to detect Bio-Hazard? Live Cell http://www.me.berkeley.edu/faculty/rubinsky/research.html

  14. Conductor Example : Bionic ChipHow to detect Bio-Hazard? Live Cell Electric Current

  15. Conductor Example : Bionic ChipHow to detect Bio-Hazard? Capacitor Live Cell

  16. Conductor Example : Bionic ChipHow to detect Bio-Hazard? Live Cell Deadly Virus

  17. Conductor Example : Bionic ChipHow to detect Bio-Hazard? Toxic Gas Live Cell

  18. Conductor Example : Bionic ChipHow to detect Bio-Hazard? Extreme Heat Live Cell

  19. Conductor Example : Bionic ChipHow to detect Bio-Hazard? Nuclear Radiation Live Cell

  20. Conductor How to detect Bio-Hazard? Live Cell

  21. Example : Bionic ChipHow to detect Bio-Hazard? Conductor Dead Cell

  22. Conductor Example : Bionic ChipHow to detect Bio-Hazard? No capacitance characteristics Dead Cell Cell is Dead Hazard detected

  23. Where to place the sensor Military Equipment Public Facilities RFID Bionic Chip STag

  24. Bio Hazard Detection System Producer RFID tag RFID tag RFID tag RFID tag STags RFID tag RFID tag RFID tag RFID tag http://audfs.eng.auburn.edu/research4.htm

  25. Bio Hazard Detection System Ranches

  26. Bio Hazard Detection System Ranches Consumers

  27. Hazard! Hazard! Hazard! Bio Hazard Detection System Ranches Consumers

  28. Hazard! Hazard! Hazard! Tracing the Source

  29. Hazard! Hazard! Hazard! Tracing the Source

  30. Tracing the Source Source of contamination detected

  31. Applications • Chemical Level Detection • Four specific types of Biosensors • A.) Chlorine Level Detection • Detects whether certain types of water such as drinking water have acceptable chlorine levels. • B.) Pesticide Level Detection • Detects whether certain levels of pesticides in soils and foods are harmful.

  32. Applications • C.) Glucose Level Detection • Detects and monitors blood glucose levels for clinical purposes such as in diabetes patients. • D.) Alcohol Level Detection • Detects and analyzes blood alcohol concentration levels in people.

  33. Example: Glucose Sensor 1.     Glucose in a solution is allowed to      pass through the selective membrane. 2.     Glucose will be oxidized to gluconic acid      by glucose oxidase in the biosensor,      which in turn becomes reduced. 3.     Reduced glucose oxidase will react      with O2forming H2O2. 4.     H2O2 will produce an electronic signal      that can be detected by the transducer.

  34. Applications • Health Abnormality Detection • Two types of Biosensors • A.) Cancer Detection of the Esophagus • Detects whether a tumor in the esophagus is benign or cancerous using different wavelengths of light. • B.) Status Detection of Diabetes • Detects changes in eye protein concentration using fluorescent light to measure and monitor diabetic levels in patients.

  35. Optical Biopsy Sensor Developed at the Thompson Cancer Survival Center in Knoxville, Tennessee. Used for detecting cancerous cells in the lining of the esophagus. Works by measuring the wavelength of light emitted by cells in the esophagus. Cancerous cells will emit different wavelengths from that of normal cells. Below is a picture of this biosensor at work. Using this sensor prevents the need for surgically removing any cancer of the esophagus. Examples of this Application

  36. Conclusions • Biosensors are continuing to transform our everyday lives by adding more convenience to the way we live. • Biosensors will soon revolutionize the biomedical and technical world. • Biosensors are replacing many of today’s sensitive and complex operations. • Biosensors are the wave of the future.

  37. Reference A. Krause, D. Siewiorek, A. Smailagic, and J. Farringdon, "Unsupervised, Dynamic Identification of Physiological and Activity Context in Wearable Computing," Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, October 21 - 23, 2003, White Plains, New York, USA.T. Vuorela, K. Kukkonen, J. Rantanen, T. Jarvinen, and J. Vanhala, "Bioimpedance Measurement System for Smart Clothing," Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, October 21 - 23, 2003, White Plains, New York, USA.Y. Huang and B. Rubinsky, "A Microfabricated Chip for the Study of Cell Electroporation" http://www.me.berkeley.edu/faculty/rubinsky/research.htmlGeorge P. Anderson, Keeley D. King,, Lynn K. Cao, Meagan Jacoby, Frances S. Ligler, and John Ezzell, "Quantifying Serum Antiplague Antibody with a Fiber-Optic Biosensor." American Society for Microbiology, May 20 1998. http://cdli.asm.org/cgi/content/full/5/5/609?view=full&pmid=9729524

  38. Web Pages K. Bruce Jacobson, "Biosensors and Other Medical and Environmental Probes" http://www.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/rev29_3/text/biosens.htmAuburn University Detection and Food Safety Center http://audfs.eng.auburn.edu/home.htmBionic Chip http://www.me.berkeley.edu/faculty/rubinsky/research.htmlErik Baard, "Coal-Mine Canaries on a Chip." Wired News, Jun 13 2003 http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,59217,00.htmlCranfield BioMedical Centre http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/biotech/sensors/biosensors.htmAmperometric glucose sensor http://chsfpc5.chem.ncsu.edu/Poznan/biosensors/tsld021.htmWhat is a Biosensor? http://userpages.umbc.edu/~jshull1/ench772/introUCLA Monbouquette Lab http://www.chemeng.ucla.edu/HMonbouquette/biosensor.htmDARPA Biosensor Technologies http://www.darpa.mil/dso/thrust/biosci/biosensor/overview.htmlWearable Group http://www.wearablegroup.org/publications/London South Bank University Enzyme Technology http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/biology/enztech/biosensors.html

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