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The Space of the Listener. Yew Tze Ee. Reverberation. Persistance of sound in a particular space after the original sound is produced Caused by echoes ( reflections ) in an enclosed space. Reverberation Time and Speech. Dry speech, without reverberation
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The Space of the Listener Yew Tze Ee
Reverberation • Persistance of sound in a particularspaceafter the original soundisproduced • Caused by echoes (reflections) in an enclosedspace
Reverberation Time and Speech • Dry speech, withoutreverberation • Speech with a 0.8s reverberation time • Speech with a 2.0s reverberation time • Speech with a 5.0s reverberation time
Reverberation Time and Music • Dry music, withoutreverberation • Music with a 0.6s reverberation time • Music with a 1.5s reverberation time • Music with a 2.5s reverberation time
IdealReverberation Time • Reverberation time (RT60): • Amount of time required for the soundfield to decay 60bB of its original power. • For both speech and music: RT60 < 1s (fromKnudsen)
Concert Hall Acoustics • Sound wavesfrom a stage are deflected by sound panels and distributedthroughout an auditorium
Concert Hall AcousticsDirect sound vs Lateralreflection • Lateralreflection: • Difference in intensity in left/right ear and differentarrival time • Brainsensesbeingenveloped by the music • Characteristics of a good room acoustics • Direct sound: • Same signal in bothears • Feeling of ‘missingsomething’ • E.g. Listeningthroughheadphones
Types of Concert HallsShoe Box Shape • Shoe box shaped halls are good for concert halls because of beneficiallateralreflections • Shoe box concert halls are long, tall and narrow Royal Festival Hall Southbank Center, UK
Types of Concert HallsFan Shaped • Influenced by amphitheatres, theatre and earlycinema • Lack of lateralreflections Liverpool Philharmonic Hall Liverpool, UK
Types of Concert HallsVineyard Terrace • Audience are subdivided • More beneficialreflectionsfromdividingwalls Waterfront Hall Belfast, Northern Ireland
References • http://www.mcsquared.com/problems.htm • http://www.acoustics.salford.ac.uk/acoustics_info/concert_hall_acoustics/?content=shape • http://images.yourdictionary.com/acoustics
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