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Research in Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and Acting

Research in Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and Acting. Stuart C. Shapiro Professor, CSE Director, Center for Cognitive Science Director, SNePS Research Group Faculty Member, Interdisciplinary MS in Computational Linguistics Fellow, AAAI. Long-Term Goal. Theory and Implementation of

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Research in Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and Acting

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  1. Research inKnowledge Representation, Reasoning, and Acting Stuart C. Shapiro Professor, CSE Director, Center for Cognitive Science Director, SNePS Research Group Faculty Member, Interdisciplinary MS in Computational Linguistics Fellow, AAAI

  2. Long-Term Goal • Theory and Implementation of Natural-Language-Competent Computerized Cognitive Agent/Robot • and Supporting Research in Artificial Intelligence Cognitive Science Computational Linguistics. S. C. Shapiro

  3. Cassie • A computational cognitive agent • Embodied in hardware • or Software-Simulated • Based on SNePS and GLAIR. S. C. Shapiro

  4. Cassieas a Wumpus World Agent From: Stuart C. Shapiro and Michael Kandefer, A SNePS Approach to The Wumpus World Agent or Cassie Meets the Wumpus. In Leora Morgenstern and Maurice Pagnucco, Eds., IJCAI-05 Workshop on Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action, and Change (NRAC'05): Working Notes, IJCAII, Edinburgh, 2005, 96-103. S. C. Shapiro

  5. : perform get(gold) No breeze here. No stench here. Exploring the cave... Found a safe room... S. C. Shapiro

  6. I am in room (1, 0), facing east No breeze here. No stench here. Exploring the cave... Found a safe room... S. C. Shapiro

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  8. I am in room (1, 1), facing south I feel a breeze. No stench here. Exploring the cave... Found a safe room... S. C. Shapiro

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  10. I am in room (0, 1), facing west No breeze here. No stench here. Exploring the cave... Found a safe room... S. C. Shapiro

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  12. I am in room (0, 2), facing south I feel a breeze. No stench here. Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring. S. C. Shapiro

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  14. Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring. S. C. Shapiro

  15. Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring. S. C. Shapiro

  16. S. C. Shapiro

  17. Exploring the cave... Found a safe room... S. C. Shapiro

  18. I am in room (2, 0), facing east I feel a breeze. No stench here. Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring. S. C. Shapiro

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  20. Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring. S. C. Shapiro

  21. Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring. S. C. Shapiro

  22. S. C. Shapiro

  23. Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring. S. C. Shapiro

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  25. Exploring the cave... I'll chance a move... S. C. Shapiro

  26. I am in room (1, 2), facing south No breeze here. I'm grabbing for the gold. No stench here. I'm going home! S. C. Shapiro

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  31. Score = 966. S. C. Shapiro

  32. Important SNePS Features 1 • First-person beliefs • Not third-person “truth” about agent or world • Beliefs are current beliefs • Even if about the past • On-line acting • Reified propositions as well as acts & … • Neither states nor times are privileged S. C. Shapiro

  33. Important SNePS Features 2 • SNeRE acts with operational semantics • External acts: • go(right) • do(grab) • senseFor(breeze) • Control acts: • snsequence(go(right), go(right)) • Mental acts: • believe(p) • disbelieve(p) S. C. Shapiro

  34. Important SNePS Features 3 • SNeRE policies integrate reasoning & acting • whendo(See(glitter), do(grab)) • ActPlan(find(home), snif({if(In(cell(0,0)), do(stop)), else(…)})) S. C. Shapiro

  35. Important SNePS Features 4 Use of SNePS andor connective and belief revision for state constraints: andor(1,1){Facing(north), Facing(south), Facing(east), Facing(west)} Facing(east) => ~Facing(north), ~Facing(south), ~Facing(west) believe(Facing(south)) Facing(south), ~Facing(north), ~Facing(east), ~Facing(west) S. C. Shapiro

  36. Important SNePS Features 5Nondeterministic Choice ~Have(gold) =>(all(r1)(In(r1) => ActPlan(explore(cave), withsome({?r2, ?d1}, SafeNewRoom(r1, ?r2, ?d1), snsequence3(turn(?d1), move(forward), believe(Bored(0))), <else clause>)))) S. C. Shapiro

  37. Important SNePS Features 6Numerical Quantifier wheneverdo(Feel(breeze), withsome/3(?r, In(?r), believe(nexists(1,4,4)(c)({Adjacent(?r,c)}: {Contains(c,pit)})))) S. C. Shapiro

  38. Agents in a Virtual Reality Drama Stuart C. Shapiro, Josephine Anstey, David E. Pape, Trupti Devdas Nayak, Michael Kandefer, & Orkan Telhan, The Trial The Trail, Act 3: A Virtual Reality Drama Using Intelligent Agents. In R. Michael Young & John Laird, Eds., Proceedings of the First Annual Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment Conference (AIIDE-05), AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 2005, 157-158. Stuart C. Shapiro, Josephine Anstey, David E. Pape, Trupti Devdas Nayak, Michael Kandefer, & Orkan Telhan, MGLAIR Agents in Virtual and other Graphical Environments, Proceedings of the Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05), AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 2005, 1704-1705. S. C. Shapiro

  39. SNePS Multi-Agents Bad guy agents hassling a human participant S. C. Shapiro

  40. Reconsideration Frances L Johnson and Stuart C. Shapiro, Dependency-Directed Reconsideration: Belief Base Optimization for Truth Maintenance Systems, Proceedings of the Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05), AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 2005, 313-320. S. C. Shapiro

  41. Reconsideration Example Credibility order: sd > (s d) > s > d S. C. Shapiro

  42. DDR Graph pr st pq s ~t ~q ~q ~q p ~r ~r ~r {s,st,~t} {p,pq,~q} {p,pq,~q} {p,pq,~q} {p,pr,~r} {p,pr,~r} {p,pr,~r} {~p,p} {~p,p} {~p,p} {p,pv,~v} {p,pv,~v} {p,pv,~v} {mr,~r,m} ~p mr ~v ~v ~v m {wv,w,~v} pv wv w n S. C. Shapiro

  43. For More Information • Shapiro:http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~shapiro/ • SNePS Research Group:http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/sneps/ • Meets Tuesdays 9-11, 45 Baldy Hall • Join us! S. C. Shapiro

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