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Chemical Kinetics

Explore the fascinating field of chemical kinetics, which focuses on reaction rates and mechanisms. Discover how factors like temperature, surface area, concentration, and catalysts influence the rate of a reaction. Learn about homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and how catalysts lower the activation energy, increasing the number of effective collisions.

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Chemical Kinetics

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  1. Chemical Kinetics The area of chemistry that concerns reaction rates and reaction mechanisms.

  2. Factors Affecting Rate Increasing temperature always increases the rate of a reaction. • Particles collide more frequently • Particles collide more energetically Increasing surface area increases the rate of a reaction Increasing Concentration USUALLY increases the rate of a reaction Presence of Catalysts, which lower the activation energy by providing alternate pathways

  3. Catalysis • Catalyst: A substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed • Enzyme: A large molecule (usually a protein) that catalyzes biological reactions. • Homogeneous catalyst: Present in the same phase as the reacting molecules. • Heterogeneous catalyst: Present in a different phase than the reacting molecules.

  4. Lowering of Activation Energy by a Catalyst

  5. Catalysts Increase the Number of Effective Collisions

  6. Heterogeneous Catalysis Carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide adsorbed on a platinum surface Step #1: Adsorption and activation of the reactants.

  7. Heterogeneous Catalysis Carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide arranged prior to reacting Step #2: Migration of the adsorbed reactants on the surface.

  8. Heterogeneous Catalysis Carbon dioxide and nitrogen form from previous molecules Step #3: Reaction of the adsorbed substances.

  9. Heterogeneous Catalysis Carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases escape (desorb) from the platinum surface Step #4: Escape, or desorption, of the products.

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