The Crisis of Union

1. The Crisis of Union Aljon Cruzada, Emmanuel Gutierrez, Hai Tran, Anthony Yamashiro

2. Pro-/Anti- Slavery arguments and conflicts • Anti Slavery Argument- • “America is God’s promised land so slavery along with segregation must end leading to their integration in America” • Many abolitionists such as William Lloyd Garrison demanded for immediate emancipation of slaves. • Pro Slavery Argument • Slaves are essential with the nations new technology, leading to a better economic future. • John C. Calhoun along with other southerners stated that all men are notcreated equal and liberty must be won through superiority. • - These arguments led to a separation between two nations: South VS North

3. Compromise of 1850 • Developed by Henry Clay • admitted California into Union as a free state (pleased the North) • divided the rest of the Southwest into 2 territories- NM and Ut- and opened both to slavery (pleased the South) • ended slave trade in Washington DC, but allowed existing slaveholders there to keep their slaves (benefitting both the North and South)

4. Fugitive Slave Law and Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Fugitive Slave Law: • stated to return escaped slaves that have migrated up north to the free states because Southerners felt that it was their right to have their “property” returned to them. • caused friction because Northerners felt it was immoral and Southerners believed that their way of life was right. • Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Harriet B. Stowe (1852) • intensified North vs. South friction • described cruelties of slavery through a slave (Uncle Tom)

5. Popular Sovereignty • Rule by the people living in a territory to be able to vote whether or not to be able to make slavery legal. • Important to abolitionists because they believed this policy would make it easier to come to a national compromise without tensions rising.

6. Kansas-Nebraska Act • In 1854, Senator Stephen Douglas introduced a bill to organize the Great Plains for settlement. • The territories of Kansas and Nebraska were organized for popular sovereignty, which allowed people in both territories to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. • The Act repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´.

7. How did the people react? • The Northerners were infuriated and feared that the Act was a concession to the slave power of the South • The pro-slavery Southerners, however, strongly supported the Act

8. Emergence of the Republican Party • The Kansas-Nebraska Act and other pro-slavery legislation led to the emergence of the new Republican Party • The new Republican Party was created in opposition to the act, aimed to stop the expansion of slavery, and soon emerged as the dominant force throughout the North.

9. Abraham Lincoln -He came into office in 1861 and had to deal with many problematic dilemmas that had connection with the North versus the South. He was one of the most important president because he created the pathway that led the African people out of slavery; He created liberty and later embedded a sense of union in the separated country. Emancipation Proclamation of 1863: A doctrine issued by Lincoln in which it freed all the slaves in the rebellious (confederate) states, but kept the slaves in the border states in bondage. Abraham’s decision was to help strengthen the spirit of the northern Union. Gettysburg Address: One of the most famous speeches in American history, it was given in dedication to all of the soldiers that gave up their lives in the battle of Gettysburg. The speech was important because Lincoln eloquently addressed the war’s purpose, and ultimately bring humane equality for all in the United States.

10. Secession The separation of northern and southern states during the Civil War era. The north became known as Union, and the south became known as the Confederates. The secession was caused by Congressional Government tax on all states, even counting in the slaves. The South, mostlikely, did not like the idea and proposed that they would rather break off, leading to secession.

11. AP Questions • Many Southerners supported the Compromise of 1850 because it?: • provided that cotton be substituted for currency as a medium of exchange. • made the number of free states and slave states equal. • legalized slavery in all the newly acquired territories. • provided for the possible creation of five states out of Texas. • provided for the return of fugitive slaves.

12. AP Questions (Answers) • Many Southerners supported the Compromise of 1850 because it?: • provided that cotton be substituted for currency as a medium of exchange. • made the number of free states and slave states equal. • legalized slavery in all the newly acquired territories. • provided for the possible creation of five states out of Texas. • provided for the return of fugitive slaves.

13. AP Questions 2) In the Dred Scott case, the Supreme Court ruled that?: a) Dred Scott was not a citizen of the United States. b) Dred Scott could not legally sue in a federal court. c) the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. d) Congress had no power to ban slavery from a territory e) all of the above

14. AP Questions (Answers) 2) The Dred Scott case, the Supreme Court ruled that?: a) Dred Scott was not a citizen of the United States. b) Dred Scott could not legally sue in a federal court. c) the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. d) Congress had no power to ban slavery from a territory e)all of the above