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Chapter 14 Acids & Bases

Chapter 14 Acids & Bases. Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions. Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions. Chapter 14. Objectives. Describe a conjugate acid, a conjugate base, and an amphoteric compound. Explain the process of neutralization.

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Chapter 14 Acids & Bases

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  1. Chapter 14 Acids & Bases Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions

  2. Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Objectives • Describe a conjugate acid, a conjugate base, and an amphoteric compound. • Explain the process of neutralization. • Defineacid rain, give examples of compounds that can cause acid rain, and describe effects of acid rain.

  3. Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Conjugate Acids and Bases • The species that remains after a Brønsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton is the conjugate base of that acid. acid conjugate base

  4. Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Conjugate Acids and Bases, continued • Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reactions involve two acid-base pairs, known a conjugate acid-base pairs. acid1 base2 base1 acid2

  5. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Neutralization Reactions

  6. Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Conjugate Acids and Bases, continued Strength of Conjugate Acids and Bases • The stronger an acid is, the weaker its conjugate base • The stronger a base is, the weaker its conjugate acid strong acid base acid weak base

  7. Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Conjugate Acids and Bases, continued Strength of Conjugate Acids and Bases, continued • Proton transfer reactions favor the production of the weaker acid and the weaker base. • stronger acid stronger base weaker acid weaker base • The reaction to the right is more favorable • weaker acid weaker base stronger acid stronger base • The reaction to the left is more favorable

  8. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases

  9. Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Amphoteric Compounds • Any species that can react as either an acid or a base is described as amphoteric. • example: water • water can act as a base • acid1 base2 acid2 base1 • water can act as an acid • base1 acid2 acid1 base2

  10. Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Amphoteric Compounds, continued –OH in a Molecule • The covalently bonded IOH group in an acid is referred to as a hydroxyl group. • Molecular compounds containing —OH groups can be acidic or amphoteric. • The behavior of a compound is affected by the number of oxygen atoms bonded to the atom connected to the —OH group.

  11. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Oxyacids of Chlorine

  12. Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Neutralization Reactions Strong Acid-Strong Base Neutralization • In aqueous solutions, neutralization is the reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules. • A salt is an ionic compound composed of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid.

  13. Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Acid Rain • NO, NO2, CO2, SO2, and SO3 gases from industrial processes can dissolve in atmospheric water to produce acidic solutions. • example: • Very acidic rain is known as acid rain. • Acid rain can erode statues and affect ecosystems.

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