Civil Rights

1. CHAPTER Civil Rights 29 Overview Time Lines 1 Taking on Segregation SECTION 2 The Triumph of a Crusade SECTION 3 Challenges and Changes in the Movement SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

2. THEMES IN CHAPTER 29 Constitutional Concerns Civil Rights Expanding Democracy CHAPTER Civil Rights 29 HOME “You can kill a man, but you can’t kill an idea.” Medgar Evers, civil rights activist

3. What do you know? • • How would you define the term civil rights? • What civil rights are Americans entitled to? • How would the loss of one or more of these rights affect your life? CHAPTER Civil Rights 29 HOME

4. 1954Brown v. Board of Education decision orders desegregation of public schools. 1955 Montgomery bus boycott begins. 1957 School desegregation crisis occurs in Little Rock, Arkansas. 1963 Martin Luther King, Jr., delivers “I Have a Dream” speech at March on Washington. Medgar Evers is assassinated. 1964Congress passes Civil Rights Act. 1965Civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, begins. Congress passes Voting Rights Act. Malcolm X is assassinated. 1968Martin Luther King, Jr., is assassinated. 1967Race riots erupt in major U.S. cities. CHAPTER Time Line 29 HOME The United States

5. 1956Suez Canal crisis occurs in Egypt. 1957African nation of Ghana wins independence. 1959Fidel Castro assumes power in Cuba. 1960South Africa leaves the British Commonwealth and outlaws the African National Congress (ANC). 1962ANC leader Nelson Mandela is imprisoned. 1966Cultural Revolution begins in China. 1967Civil war rages in Nigeria. 1968Tet offensive begins. 1970President Nasser of Egypt dies. CHAPTER Time Line 29 HOME The World

6. Learn About school desegregation campaigns, the Montgomery bus boycott, and sit-ins. To Understand the beginnings of the civil rights movement. SECTION 1 Taking on Segregation HOME

7. SECTION 1 Taking on Segregation HOME Key Idea African Americans use strong organizations and nonviolent tactics to confront the South’s policies of segregation and racial inequality.

8. NAACP Ella Baker Jo Ann Robinson SCLC Thurgood Marshall SNCC Dr. Martin Luther King. Jr., CORE Challenging Segregation Morgan v. Virginia Sweatt v. Painter nonviolent resistance Brown v. Board of Education legal action SECTION 1 Taking on Segregation HOME 1 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were examples of decisions of the Supreme Court, tactics, organizations, and leaders related to the early phases of the civil rights movement? Organizations Leaders Supreme CourtDecisions Tactics

9. ANALYZING MOTIVES Why did the civil rights movement use nonviolence? How successful was the tactic? THINK ABOUT • the Montgomery bus boycott • television coverage of events • sit-ins SECTION 1 Taking on Segregation HOME 1 Section Assessment

10. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS After the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, what do you think was the most significant event of the civil rights movement prior to 1960? Why? THINK ABOUT • the role of civil rights leaders • the results of confrontations and boycotts • the role of grassroots organizations SECTION 1 Taking on Segregation HOME 1 Section Assessment

11. Learn About the freedom rides, events in Birmingham and Selma, and Freedom Summer. To Understand how the civil rights movement pressured the federal government to end segregation and ensure voting rights. SECTION 2 The Triumphs of a Crusade HOME

12. SECTION 2 The Triumphs of a Crusade HOME Key Idea Civil rights activists break down numerous racial barriers through continued social protest and the prompting of landmark legislation.

13. Date Headline September 30, 1962 April 12, 1963 June 11, 1963 June 12, 1963 August 28, 1963 November 22, 1963 July 2, 1964 SECTION 2 The Triumphs of a Crusade HOME 2 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What are newspaper headlines that summarize the historical significance of each of the dates listed below? Backlash! Ole Miss Riot over Meredith’s Enrollment King Jailed in Birmingham After Leading Demonstration Kennedy Orders Troops to Desegregate University of Alabama Medgar Evers Murdered March on Washington—King Declares “I Have a Dream” Kennedy Killed by Sniper—Nation Mourns Johnson Signs Civil Rights Act

14. SYNTHESIZING What assumptions and beliefs do you think guided the fierce opposition to the civil rights movement in the South? THINK ABOUT • the social and political structure of the South • Mississippi governor Ross Barnett’s comment during his radio address • the actions of police and some white Southerners SECTION 2 The Triumphs of a Crusade HOME 2 Section Assessment

15. RECOGNZING EFFECTS • What was the outcome of each of the following events? • freedom rides to Jackson, Mississippi • demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama • formation of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party • Selma-to-Montgomery march SECTION 2 The Triumphs of a Crusade HOME 2 Section Assessment

16. Learn About disagreements among civil rights groups and the rise of black nationalism. To Understand why the civil rights movement had a mixed legacy. SECTION 3 Challenges and Changes in the Movement HOME

17. SECTION 3 Challenges and Changes in the Movement HOME Key Idea The civil rights movement turns north, new leaders emerge, and the movement becomes more militant, thus leaving behind a mixed legacy.

18. February 1965 October 1966 January 1964 Malcolm X assassinated Black Panthers founded War on Poverty launched July 1964 April 1968 August 1965 Harlem riot Watts riot King assassinated SECTION 3 Challenges and Changes in the Movement HOME 3 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some key events relating to the civil rights movement?

19. HYPOTHESIZING What if Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., had not been assassinated? Speculate on how the civil rights movement might have been different. THINK ABOUT • King’s approach to civil rights issues • King’s status in the civil rights movement at the time of his death • the immediate reaction to King’s assassination SECTION 3 Challenges and Changes in the Movement HOME 33 Section Assessment

20. COMPARING AND CONTRASTING Compare and contrast the civil rights strategies of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. Whose strategies do you think were more effective? THINK ABOUT • the goals and methods of each leader • public reaction to each leader’s methods • the short-term and long-term effects of each leader’s efforts SECTION 3 Challenges and Changes in the Movement HOME 3 Section Assessment

21. 29 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. What were Jim Crow laws and how were they applied? 2. What incident sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott? 3. What were the roots of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s beliefs in nonviolent resistance? 4. What federal court case did James Meredith win in 1962? 5. Cite three examples of violence committed in 1962–1964 against African Americans and civil rights activists.

22. 29 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. Why did Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., go to Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963? 7. What were some of the key beliefs that Malcolm X advocated? 8. Why did some civil rights leaders urge Stokely Carmichael to stop using the slogan “black power”? 9. What were some accomplishments of the civil rights movement? 10. What challenges still face the nation in the area of civil rights?