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Ethylene Oxide Residues in Fumigated Books - a First Result of the Project Men and Books :

Ethylene Oxide Residues in Fumigated Books - a First Result of the Project Men and Books :. Patricia Engel & Katja Sterflinger. EU grant 2012-0920/001-001.

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Ethylene Oxide Residues in Fumigated Books - a First Result of the Project Men and Books :

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  1. Ethylene Oxide Residues in Fumigated Books - a First Result of the Project Men and Books: Patricia Engel & Katja Sterflinger EU grant 2012-0920/001-001

  2. In everyarchive/library in Europe we find - microorganisms- acidicpaper- inkcorrosion- vegetabil tannedleatherHorn I conference 2011confirmedtheneedforresearch in thesesubjectsanddefinedevenmoreurgent researchsubjects

  3. Mould on paper, leather, siels, etc.

  4. Reasons • New infestation • Environment not clean enough • Environment toowet • Environment too warm • Microclimate • Old infestation

  5. Recommendationforthemuseum/library/archive • Good, i.e. individual housekeepingpolicy • Stopsorce: Renovation ofbuilding / wetareas etc. • Cleaningofbooksbyconservatorsorstaffadvisedbyconservators (healthandsafetymeasures!) • Repacking • Regular control in future - climatemonitoring etc.

  6. Activemeasures • Dry cleaning (HEPA Filter) • Alcohol • Gamma rays • Energy • Ethylene oxide • But ethylene oxide treatment of paper is not allowed anymore in the EU since 1st September 2006. • from 1st September 2013 on EO may only be used according to Article 56 of the BPR (research and development) • If the use of EO as book fumigant on a regular basis is intended, ethylene oxide has to be included in. Annex I of the BPD and authorised as biocidal product first.

  7. IQuestions in thisproject • Does EO stay in thebooks, if so howlong? • Does off fuming dose pose a risk in readers? • Did EO kill themold? • Did EO damagethe material?

  8. CompilationofPublications on Ethyleneoxide in Paper Conservation • Hanus, J., Mináriková, J., Ďurovič, M., Bacílková, B.: Influence of ethylene oxide fumigation on some properties of different types of paper. La Conservation: Une Science en evolution - Bilan et Perspectives. Actes des troisiémes journées internationales d'études de l'ARSAG, Paris, 21 - 25 April 1997, p. 193-203. • Richardin, P., Hanus, J., Bonnassies-Termes, S.: Rétention de l'oxyde d'ethylene dans les documents graphiques et photographiques désinfectés. Colloque Huilles essentielles et conservation des oeuvres d'art. Musée National des Arts et Traditions Populaires, Paris, 2-3 décembre 1998. Abstracts of presentations, p. 11. • Hanus, J.: Determination of residual ethylene oxide and its desorption from different types of sterilized papers. Final Report. Centre de Recherches sur la Conservation des Documents Graphiques, Paris 1998, 100 p. • Hanus, J., Richardin, P., Bonnassies-Termes, S.: Influence of ethylene oxide sterilisation on some photographic papers. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 12th Triennial Meeting Lyon, 29 August - 3 September 1999, Preprints Volume II, p. 550-554. • Hanus, J., Richardin, P., Bonnassies-Termes, S., Ďurovič, M., Kubelka, V.: Comparison of two different methods by head space gas chromatography for determination of residual ethylene oxide in sterilized papers. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 12th Triennial Meeting Lyon, 29 August - 3 September 1999, Preprints Volume II, p. 507-512. • Christina Meier; Karin Petersen: Schimmelpilze auf Papier. Ein Handbuch fur Restauratoren, biologische Grundlagen, Erkennung, Behandlung und Pravention, Tonning [a. o.]: Der Andere Verlag, 2006 • Flavia Pinzari, Katja Sterflinger, The revenge of time: fungal deterioration of cultural heritage with particular reference to books, paper andparchmentemi. Environmental Microbiology (2011) • Diplomarbeit Wien • Abrahams, R.H. Recent studies with workers exposed to ethylene oxide, in: Jorkasky J.F., ed., Safe use • of ethylene oxide, Proceedings of the Educational Seminar, Washington DC, Health Industries • Manufacturers Association, 27-38, pp. 211-220, HIMA Report No. 80-4, 1980 • Adkins B jr, Van Stee EW, Simmons JE, Eustis SL (1986) Oncogenic response of strain A/J mice to • inhaled chemicals. J Toxicol Environ Health 17: 311-322 • AGS - Ausschuss fur Gefahrstoffe (2011): ERB (Exposition-Risiko-Beziehung)-Begrundung zu • Ethylenoxid (CAS-Nr.: 75-21-8). Begrundung zur ERB zu Ethylenoxid in BekGS 910. • ANAND, V.P., COGDILL, C.P., KLAUSNER, K.A., LISTER, L., BARBOLT, T., PAGE, B.F.J., URBANSKI, P., WOSS • CASIMIR, J., BOYCE, J. Reevaluation of ethylene oxide hemolysis and irritation potential, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. • 64A, pp. 648-654, 2003 • Alomar A, Camarasa JMG, Noguera J, Aspinolea F (1981) Ethyleneoxidedermatitis. Contact • Dermatitis 7: 205-207 • ATSDR –Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1990) Toxicological Profile for Ethylene • Oxide- December 1990. CAS#: 75-21-8 • Basketter, D.A., Griffiths, H.A., Wang, X.M., Wilhelm,. K.P., McFadden, J. (1996) Individual, ethnic • and seasonal variability in irritant susceptibility of skin: the implications for a predictive human patch • test. Contact Dermatitis 35, 208-213; • Bokkers BG, Slob W. 2005. A comparision of ratio distributions based on the NOAEL and the • benchmark approach for subchronic-to-chronic extrapolation. Toxicological Sciences 85, 1033-1040 • Bokkers BG, Slob W. 2007. Deriving a data-based interspecies assessment factor using the NOAEL and • the benchmark dose approach. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2007 37(5):355-73. • Bommer J, Barth HP, Wilhelms OH, Schindele H, Ritz E (1985). Anaphylactoidreactions in dialysis • patients: roleofethylene-oxide. Lancet 28:1382-1384. • Bruch CW. 1973. Factors determining choice of sterilizing procedure. In: Phillips GB, Miller WS, eds. • Industrial sterilization. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 119-123. • (reviewed in ATSDR 1990) • CEN ISO/TS 11135-2:2008/AC:2009, Sterilization of health care products - Ethylene oxide - Part 2: • Guidance on the application of ISO 11135-1 (ISO/TS 11135-2:2008/Cor 1:2009) • Chapman J, Lee W, Youkilis E, Martis L (1986). Animalmodelforethyleneoxide (EtO) associated • hypersensitivity reactions. Trans Am SocArtif Intern Organs 32:482- • 485. • CICAD Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 54. Ethyleneoxide. WHO 2003. • Csanady GA, Denk B, Putz C, Kreuzer PE, Kessler W, Baur C, Gargas ML, Filser JG (2000): A • Physiological Toxicokinetic Model forExogenousandEndogenousEthyleneandEthylene Oxide in • Rat, Mouse, and Human: Formation of 2-Hydroxyethyl Adducts with Hemoglobin and DNA. • Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 165, 1–26 (2000) • 43 • DFG –Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1984) Ethylenoxid. 1984. • DFG –Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1993) Ethylenoxid. 1993. • DFG –Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1996) Ethylenoxid Nachtrag 1996. • DFG –Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (2002) Ethylenoxid MAK-Werte. 34. Lieferung. • DGAUM (2008) Toxische Gefahrdung durch Hautresorption; Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Arbeitsmedizin • und Umweltmedizin e.V. (DGAUM) • http://www.dgaum.de/index.php/publikationen/leitlinien/leitlinienarbeitsmedizin/251-leitliniearbeitsmedizin- • tox-haut.html • Drager (2012) Analysenbericht 20121412, unpublished • Dunkelberg H (1982) Carcinogenicityofethyleneoxideand 1,2-propylene oxide upon intragastric • administration to rats. Brit J Cancer 46: 924-933 • Dunkelberg H (1981) Carcinogenic activity of ethylene oxide and its reaction products 2- • chloroethanol, 2-bromoethanol, ethyleneglycolanddiethyleneglycol. I. Carcinogenicityofethylene • oxide in comparison with 1,2-propylene oxide after subcutaneous administration in mice. ZblBakt I, • Abt Orig B 174: 383-404 • Dunkelberg H (1979) On the oncogenic activity of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in mice. Brit J • Cancer 39: 588-589 • ECETOC (1982) Technical Report Nr 5. Toxicity of Ethylene Oxide and its Relevance to Man. European • Chemical Industry, Brussels. • ECETOC (1982) Technical Report Nr 11. Toxicity of Ethylene Oxide and its Relevance to Man. An • updating of ECETOC Technical Report Nr 5. European Chemical Industry, Brussels. • ECETOC (1986) ECETOC documentNr 26 ECETOC statement on Ethylene Oxide toxicologyandits • Relevance to Man. October 1986. European Chemical Industry, Brussels. • ECHA (2008): Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Part E: Risk • Characterisation • http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_part_e_en.pdf • ECHA (2009): Evaluation & Reporting of data: How to provide a (robust) study summary • http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13566/evaluation_of_available_information_en.pdf • ECHA (2010a): Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R 8 – • Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health. • http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r8_en.pdf • ECHA (2010b): Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R 19 • – Uncertaintyanalysis, • http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r19_en.pdf • EMEA (2006) Committee for medicinal products for human use. Guideline on the Limits of Genotoxic • impurities. CPMP/SWP/5199/02. • 44 • http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2009/09/WC500 • 002903.pdf • EN ISO 10993-7 (2009): Biological evaluation of medical devices Part 7: Ethylene oxide sterilization • residuals (ISO 10993-7:200 + Cor 1:2009) (consolidated version) • EU, (2008) SCHER/SCCP/SCENIHR (2008) Scientific opinion on use of the Threshold of Toxicological • Concern (TTC) Approach for the Safety Assessment of Chemical Substances. SCCP/1171/08 • EU (2012) SCHER/SCCP/SCENIHR (2012) Scientific opinion on Toxicity and Assessment of Chemical • Mixtures. ISBN 978-92-79- DG for Health and Consumers. European Union. • European Chemicals Bureau (ECB) (2003) Technical GuidanceDocument on Risk Assessment. • EN ISO 11135-1:2007, Sterilization of health care products - Ethylene oxide - Part 1: Requirements for • development, validation and routine control of a sterilization process for medical devices (ISO 11135- • 1:2007) • Fennell T.R, Brown C.D. A Physiologically based Pharmacokinetic Model for Ethylene Oxide in Mouse, • Rat and Human. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmocology 173, 161-175, 2001. • Fluhr JW, Darlenski R, Angelova-Fischer I, Tsankov N, Basketter D. (2008) Skin Irritation and • Sensitization: Mechanisms and New Approaches for Risk Assessment. Skin Pharmacology and • Physiology 2008, 21: 124-135. • GESTIS Stoffdatenbank: www.dguv.de/ifa/stoffdatenbank • Ginsberg G., Foss B, Brown Dzubow R, Firestone M. Options for incorporating children´s inhaled dose • into human health risk assessment. Inhalation Toxicology 22(8): 627-647. • Graeter, L., Mortensen M.E. (1996) Kids are different: developmental variability in toxicology. • Toxicology , 111, 1–3, 15–20. • Grammer LC, Roberts M, Nicholls AJ, Platts MM, Patterson R (1984). IgEagainstethyleneoxidealtered • human serum albumin in patients who have had acute dialysis reactions. J Allergy Clin • Immunol 74:544-546. • Greaves-Walker WJ, Greeson CE (1932). The toxicity of ethylene oxide. J. Hygiene 32, 409. • Hallier E, Langhof T, Dannappel D, Leutbecher M, Schroder K, Goergens HW, Muller A, Bolt HM • (1993) Polymorphismofglutathioneconjugationofmethylbromide, ethyleneoxideand • dichloromethane in human blood: influence on the induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in • lymphocytes. Arch Toxicol 67: 173-178 • Hardt J., Schromer M.L., Angerer J. Untersuchung zur Exposition bei der Verwendung Ethylenoxidsterilisierter • Medizinprodukte im Krankenhaus. Arbeitsmed. Sozialmed. Umweltmed. 41, 5, 2006. • Hasegawa,R.; Hirata-Koizumi,M.; Dourson,M. L.; Parker,A.; Sweeney,L.M.; Nishikawa,A.; Yoshida; M.; • Ono,A.; Hirose; A. 2010. Proposal of new uncertainty factor application to derive tolerable daily • intake. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 58, 237-242. • Hollingsworth RL, Rowe VK, Oyen F, et al. 1956. Toxicityofethyleneoxidedetermined on • experimental animals. AMA Archives of Industrial Health 13:217-227. • 45 • IARC (1994) Someindustrialchemicals. Ethyleneoxide, Lyons, pp. 73-159 (IARC Monographs on the • Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol. 60) • IARC (2008) 1,3-Butadiene, Ethylene Oxide and Vinyl Halides (Vinyl Fluoride, Vinyl Chloride and Vinyl • Bromide) (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol. 97) • Jones-Price, C., Kimmel, T., Marks, T., Ledoux, T., Reel, J., Fisher, P., Langhoff-Paschke, L. AndMarr, M. (1982): • Teratologic Evaluation of Ethylene Oxide (CAS No. 75-78-8) in New Zealand White Rabbits (Final report RB80- • EO, NIEHS Contract No. 1-ES-2127). Research Triangle Park, NC, National Institute of Environmental Health • Sciences • Kalberlah F. et al. Toleranz- und Akzeptanzschwelle fur Gesundheitsrisiken am Arbeitsplatz. 2005. • http://www.baua.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/676786/publicationFile/47130/F2010.pdf • KEMI (2003) Human Health Risk assessment. Proposal for the use of assessment factors. Application • to risk assessment for plant protection products, industrial chemicals and biocidal products within • the European Union. No 1/03. 2003. • http://www.kemi.se/Documents/Publikationer/Trycksaker/Rapporter/Rapport1_03.pdf • Kitteringham N.R., Davis C., Howard N., Pirmohamed M., Park B.K. (1996): Interindividual and • Interspecies Variation in HepaticMicrosomal Epoxide Hydrolase Activity: Studies withcis-Stilbene • Oxide, Carbamazepine 10,11-Epoxide and Naphtalene, The Journal of Pharm & Exp Therapeutics, Vol. • 278(3):1018-1027, 1996 • Krishnan K. Fennell T.R. Gargas M.L. Andersen M. E. A physiologiallybaseddescriptionofethylene • oxide dosimetry in the rat. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 8(3):121-140, 1992. • Kroes R., Kleiner J., Renwick A. (2005) The Treshold of Toxicological Concern Concept in Risk • Assessment. Toxicological Science 86 (2), 226-230. • Lynch, D., Lewis, T., Moorman, W., Sabharwal, P. and Burg, J. Toxic and mutagenic effects of ethylene • oxideandpropyleneoxide on spermatogenicfunctions in Cynomolgusmonkeys, Toxicologist., 3, p. • 60, 1982 • Lynch, D., Lewis, T., Moorman, W., Burg, J., Groth, D., Khan, A., Ackerman, L. and Cockerell, B. • Carcinogenic and toxicologic effects of inhaled ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in F344 rats, Tox. • Appl. Pharm., 76, pp. 69-84, 1984 • McDonald TO, Kasten K, Hervey R. 1977. Acute ocular toxicity for normal and irritated rabbit eyes • andsubacuteoculartoxicityforethyleneoxide, ethylenechlorohydrin, andethyleneglycol. Bull • Parenter Drug Assoc 31:25-32. • Medical Management Guidelines forEthylene Oxide: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mmg/index.asp • Mori, K., Kaido, M., Fujishiro, K., Inoue, N., Koide, O., Hori, H. and Tanaka, I. Dose dependenteffects • ofinhaledethyleneoxide on spermatogenesis in rats, Br. J. Ind. Med., 48(4), pp. 270-274, April 1991 • NIOSH conversion calculator: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-101/calc.htm • NTP, 2011: Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Department of • Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program. 499 pp. 2011. • Online: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/roc12.pdf • 46 • NTP, 1987: National Toxicology Program, Toxicology and Carcinogenicity Studies of Ethylene Oxide • (CAS No. 75-21-8) in B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) (NTP Technical Report 326, U.S. Department of • Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, National Institute of Health). Research Triangle • Park, NC, NTP, 1987 • OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) ethylene oxide standard [29 CFR 1910.1047] • Pemble S, Schroder KR, Spencer SR, Meyer DJ, Hallier E, Bolt HM, Ketterer B, Taylor JB (1994) Human • glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1): cDNA cloning and the characterization of a genetic • polymorphism. Biochem J 300: 271-276 • Picut CA, Aoyama H, Holder JW, Gold LS, Maronpot RR, Dixon D (2003) Bromoethane, chloroethyne • and ethylene oxide induced uterine neoplasms in B6C3F1 mice from 2-year NTP inhalation bioassays: • Pathology and incidence data revisited. ExpToxicolPathol 55: 1-9 • Pohl,H.R.; Holler,J.S.; Ruiz,P.; Chou,C.H. 2010. Chemical risk assessment and uncertainty associated • with extrapolation across exposure duration. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 57, 18-23. • Puringer J. DMEL-Werte als Grenzwerte fur Kanzerogene – Ein problematisches Konzept im • Windschatten von REACH. Gefahrstoffe – Reinhaltung der Luft 70 Nr. 5, 2010. • Puringer J. „Derived Minimal Effect Levels“ (DMEL): Defizite ein Jahr nach der REACHRegistrierungspflicht. • Gefahrstoffe – Reinhaltung der Luft 71 Nr. 11/12, 2011. • RIVM report 613340005 (2002) Children and Chemical Safety. An Inventory of Activities by • International and National Organizations and Agencies Kristin Larsson and Mattias Oberg • Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet. • ROEMPP (2006) CD Rompp Chemie Lexikon – Version 4.0, Stuttgart/New York: Georg Thieme Verlag • KG • Rockel A, Klinke B, Hertel J, Baur X, Thiel C, Abdelhamid S, Fiegel P, Walb D (1989). Allergytodialysis • materials. NephrolDial Transplant 4:646-652. • Rumpf KW, Seubert A, Valentin R, Ippen H, Seubert S, Lowitz HD, Rippe H, Scheler F (1985). • Association of ethylene-oxide-induced IgE antibodies with symptoms in • dialysispatients. Lancet 28:1385-1387. • Rusch GM, Bast CB, Cavender FL (2009) Establishing a point of departure for risk assessment using • acuteinhalationtoxicologydata. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 54: 247-255 • Schneider et al 2006. Reg. Tox. Pharm. 44/2, 172-81 and • http://www.baua.de/nn_21712/en/Publications/Expert-Papers/Gd36.html • Snellings W, Weil C Maronpot R (1984): A two-year inhalation study of the carcinogenic potential of • ethylene oxide in Fischer 344 rats, Tox. Appl. Pharm., 75, pp. 105-117, 1984 • Snellings WM, Maronpot RR, Zelenak JP et al. (1982): Teratologystudy in Fischer 344 ratsexposedto • ethylene oxide by inhalation, Toxicol. Appl. Pharamacol., 64, 476-481 • 47 • Snellings W, Zelenak J, Weil C (1982b): Effects on reproduction in Fischer rats exposed to ethylene • oxide by inhalation for one generation, Tox. Appl. Pharm., 63, pp. 382-388 • SCOEL – Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits (2012) Recommendation from the • Scientific CommitteeonOccupationalExposureLimits.Riskassessmentforethyleneoxide. • Scudamore KA, Heuser SG. 1971. Ethylene oxide and its persistent reaction products in wheat flour • and other commodities: Residues from fumigation or sterilisation, and effects of processing. Pestic • Sci 2:80-91. • Sexton, R. J., E. V. Henson: J. industr. Hyg. 31, 297 (1949) • Sexton RJ, Henson EV. 1950. Experimental ethyleneoxide human skininjuries. IndHygOccupMed • 32:549-564. • SHUPACK, J.L., ANDERSEN, S.R. and ROMANO, S.J. Human skinreactionstoethyleneoxide. J. Lab. • Clin. Med., 98, pp. 723-729, 1981 • Tardif R, Goyal R, Brodeur J, Gerin M (1987) Species differences in the urinary disposition of some • metabolites of ethylene oxide. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 9:448 –453. • TANAKA, S., NAKAURA, S., KAWASHIMA, K., KASUYA, Y. and OMORI, Y. Studies on the hemolytic activity and • dermal irritability of ethylene oxide and its reaction products. Jap. J. Med. Instrum. 52(1), pp. 21-28, 1982 • TGD (2003): Technical GuidanceDocument on Risk Assessment – European Communities 2003: • http://www.sttv.fi/kemo/olemassa%20olevat/TGD_Part%20I%20(HH).pdf • Thier R; Lewalter J, Kempkes M, Selinski S, Bruning T, Bolt H (1999): Haemoglobinadductsof • acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide in acrylonitrile workers, dependent on polymorphisms of the • glutathionetransferases GSTT1 and GSTM1. ArchToxicol (1999) 73: 197―202 • Thier, R., Balkenhol, T. Lewalter, J,. Selinski, Sl Dommermuth, A., Bolt, H.M. (2001) Influenceof • polymorphisms of the human glutathione transferases and cytochrome P450 2E1 enzyme on the • metabolism and toxicity of ethylene oxide and acrylonitrile, Mutat. Res., 482(1-2), pp. 41-46. • Thier, R., Bruning, T. Roos, P.H., RIHS, H.-P. Golka, K., Ko, Y., Bolt, H.M. 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  9. Report by Prof. Dr. habil. A. Strzelczyk Torun • April – Aug. 1994 • 346,2 meter in total (261,2 m, 85 m in foulders, 13m notes) • The followingmeasuresweretaken: • 1. sourcesofdamagewereanalysed, • The bookswerestored in wet/very humid conditions • The booksweredusty, therearespores in thedust, a riskfor human health • 10 yearsago (1984) thebookswerebroughtto dry rooms, but due totightpackingtheydryedslowly • Humidiyandtemperatureweremeasured in 50 books in Junly 1994, therH was between 59 and 71 andtheTemp. Between 19,5 and 23,4^C • The humidityoftheair in theroom was between 57-62 % andthetemperatureat 22,6 Centigrades • 2. 9 booksand 15 groupsofarchivaldocumentswereselectedaccordingtovariouscriteria (sortofdamage, ,aterialcomposition, content) andmodelrestoration was made, • 3. Microorganismswereanalysedbymicroscopicobservationdirectly on thebooksor in complicatedcases on growth medium. The followingspecieswerefound: Streptomyces, Geotrichum, Chaetomium, Acremoniella, Stachybotrys, Epicoccum, Stemphylium, Botrytis. StreptomycesandGeotrichumwerefoundmoreoften. • 4. theentirecollection plus the 9 booksand 15 groupsofarchival material was packedandpreparedfordesinfection • Chamberfor 20 m3, 10 kg Petrox, 5 daysfumigation, thenairwashinguntil EO detectordid not show EO anymore • The roomsweredesinfectedwith 2% Aseptin M solutionandtreatmentrepeated after 10 days • 5. Fumigationwith 90% EO and 10% CO2 (Petrox gas) • 6. bookswereairwashedandclimatized, • In Swidnica • 7. dustandmicroorganismsporeswereremovedfromthebooks in Sept. 1994 (after thereport was written) • 8. theeffectivityofthedesinfection was evaluated (report Nov. 1994)

  10. 15 yearslater • 2009 in Ossolineum alle alten Drucke (Signaturgruppe SD) und Handschriften (Signaturgruppe R) begast worden. • „2010 durch Adam Wilga, der eine solche Begasungskammer erfunden hat, die übrigen Bücher begast  (Signaturen 1,2,8000).“ • „Wenn es um die Signaturen geht, nach denen Sie gefragt haben, handelt es sich um fortlaufende Signaturen (gemäß Katalog Dr. Górski).“ • Waiting fordatafromOssolineum

  11. MEN AND BOOKS - 2012For the selection of books several parameters were relevant: (1) moment of fumigation (17 fumigated in 2009, 11 fumigated in 2010)(2) material composition (11 printed books, 7 ms iron gall ink, 10 modern dye ink, 15 leather involved, 3 parchment involved, 11 textile involved, all book blocks paper of their time)(3) age of the book (2 18th cent., 12 from 19th cent. Rest 20th cent.)(4) size of book (folio to octav) The books for ethylene oxide measurement were chosen aiming to get a representative average of all these features. This is especially important when it comes to transfer data into application Europe-wide and on an “average archive” at the end of the project. 28 volumes bound in leather, parchment, paper and textiles, dating from the 18th, 19th and 20th century, thus representing also different sorts of paper as book block, ranging from folio to quart were selected by the Parish in Swidnica and brought to the European Research Centre for Book and Paper Conservation-Restoration in Horn. There these books were put into a chamber of inert synthetic material of 1 qm volume and stored under closed conditions for 60 days at 20 °C and 50%rel. H.

  12. Books broughtto Hornoff gasingmeasured

  13. Two different analysis methods were chosen to detect the off gassing ethylene oxide, a digital handheld device, Dräger X-am 5000, which turned out to be too rough (measuring range 0 - 200 ppm, resolution 0.5 ppm, smallest possible detection 1 ppm; expected concentration below) and a GC/FID. For the later the measurement was passive with ORSA-tubes filled with activated carbon. The measurement lasted for 336 hours. Then the tubes were taken out, closed and sent to gas chromatography. The analysis was made with GC/FID with retention time catalogues and quantification via external calibration function. This standard working instruction is a modified NIOSH 1612. Working conditions: Gaschromatograph “DoppelsäulengerätSichromat 1-4”; Injektion: split/splitless; 2.5µL splitted auf 2 wide-bore colums, 250°C, Colums: 30 m OPTIMA-WAX; 0.53 mm * 1.0 µm and 30 m OPTIMA 1; 0.53 mm *1.0 µm, Both detectors FID (250°C), Carrier gas Nitrogen: 2.5 mL/min, burning gas synth. air: 300 mL/min, Hydrogen: 25 mL/min, stove temperature 45°C isotherm 10 min, 45°C to 180°C in 5°C/min; 180°C isotherm 13 min, 180°C to 200°C in 10°C/min, 200°C isotherm 13 min.The methodisbased on the international method NIOSH 1612 (http://www.cdc.gov/n iosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/1612.pdf)

  14. Umweltbundesamt • Takes theinfluence via inhalationforthe gratest risk • Not so muchtouching • Not so muchoral About Material I suggesttoaddseveralbookblockstothefumigationofdummies, astohavemoresubstanceto catch the EO gas possiblyandgetmorerealisticandcontrolledmeasurementforourconclusions.

  15. Workflow Dummies

  16. Suggestion book block formorevolume • !

  17. Aims ERC tookover in theproject: • - measuring off-gassingethyleneoxide • - evaluationoftoxicity(Umweltbundesamt) • - providedummies • - analysisoftheparchment&leather • - interpretationof analyse-data • - development of guidelines for the restoration • - develop recommendations for the handling of mouldyheritage&handling of ethylene oxide-fumigated heritage on paper, parchmentandleather • - suggestions of alternative methods to disinfect mouldy written/printed heritage • - disseminatetheprojectresults (website, journals, etc.) • - organise the joint exhibition in coop. with the other partners • - organise the final conference in coop. with P5. • - organise the publication material in coop. with the partners (translation, distribution, etc.) • - distribution of results: professional journals, special meetings, conference, webpage, movable exhibition for specialists • & laymen, local newspapers, TV, radio, underlining the benefit of EU funding; ERASMUS-students • - workshopsbeyondprojectruntime

  18. Next steps • Work flow Graz BOKU Ossolineum • Shrinkage Temperature Measurement • Graz: Paper tests • Umweltbundesamt Results • BOKU results on fungi • Question: is the paper more disposed to new attack by the ethylene Oxide treatment or not?

  19. HW • Step 6 togetherwith ICARUS: Digitization(50000 files) ofthe material forresearchwork in theproject& makingitaccessible for all on the internet Start on 11th March 2013

  20. Acknowlegement For the information about the books: BozenaPytel, Reverend Waldemar Pytel, Sonja Stankowski, Dr. Stephan Aderhold Umweltbundesamt: Dr. Elisabeth Fassold, DI Isabel Peißl, Dr. Maximilian Kinzl, Dr. Martin Paparella Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA: Thomas Krebs and Dr. Dirk Rahn-Marx ERC: Shirin Jacoby, BognaGorniak, Marta Cieplinska, Cristina Cicero

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