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Smoothing Factors for RE applications in DG

Smoothing Factors for RE applications in DG. David Meyer EE5250 4/18/2006. RE for DG. Limitations to conventional units Sound Space Emissions Environmental Responsibility. Background. RE generation variability Defined Geography Weather Need for Smoothing Factors Example Systems.

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Smoothing Factors for RE applications in DG

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  1. Smoothing Factors for RE applications in DG David Meyer EE5250 4/18/2006

  2. RE for DG • Limitations to conventional units • Sound • Space • Emissions • Environmental Responsibility

  3. Background • RE generation variability • Defined • Geography • Weather • Need for Smoothing Factors • Example Systems

  4. Variability of RE Sources Table 1. Variability of RE generation systems [5]

  5. Defined - Wind Figure 1, 2, 3 Wind Data for Ojibway MI (Isle Royale)

  6. Defined – Solar Figure 4. Hourly Average Solar Energy for Ojibway [1]

  7. Geographic Factors • Placement of RE • Max output dependant weather factors • Dispersion

  8. Geographic Wind Figure 5. Wind Energy of the US [2]

  9. Geographic Solar Figure 6. Solar Energy of the US [2]

  10. Solar Example • Latitude – hours of sun per day • Weather Ojibway, Michigan El Paso, Texas Keys, Florida Figure 7, 8, 9 Average Monthly Solar Radiation (kW –hr/ m^2)

  11. Weather Factors Figure 10. Regional Wind Speed Map [3] Figure 11. Regional Infrared Map [3]

  12. Example Figure 12. Smoothing Effects of Geographical Dispersion [5]

  13. Denmark Data Figure 13. Smoothing Effects of Geographical Dispersion (actual data) [5]

  14. UK example Figure 14. Hours of Low Wind Speed for UK [6]

  15. Load Effect with Solar Figure 15. Solar Power vs. System Load [1]

  16. Combining RE Sources Figure 16. Wind and Sun data for Ojibway, MI [1]

  17. Energy Storage • Concept • Utilization • Specifications

  18. Comparisons Figure 17. Comparisons of Electricity Storage Devices [5]

  19. Use Location Water Pumping Figures 18 – 20 . Water-pumping reservoirs installed in the UK [7]

  20. Battery Storage Figure 21. Vehicle to Grid Power Schematic [8]

  21. Hydrogen Storage • Limitations • Cost • Space • Implementation • V to G • Home Units

  22. RE DG with Conventional Generation • Nuclear • Coal • Nat. Gas • CHP • Hydro

  23. Example Systems • Denmark • High wind penetration • Low geographic dispersion • System Interties • UK • Planning for high wind penetration • Good Geographic dispersion • Pumped storage capabilities

  24. Expanding RE penetration – The Larger Picture • Increasing the penetration of DG • Maximizing Site Placement • Geographic Dispersion • Major System Upgrades • Transfer of energy • Increased reliability

  25. References [1] Graphs Created with data gathered from weather sites [2] National Renewable Energy Laboratory www.nrel.gov, Solar and Wind Maps [3] The Weather Channel www.weather.com , Wind and Infrared Maps of US [4] “The Most Frequently Asked Questions About Wind Energy” American Wind Energy Association [5] “Variability of Wind Power and Other Renewables – Management Options and Strategies” International Energy Agency [6] “Wind Power and the UK Wind Resource” – Environmental Change Institute [7] First Hydro www.fhc.co.uk , Image Gallery [8] “Vehicle-to-Grid Power Fundamentals: Calculating Capacity and Net Revenue” Willett Kempton, Jana Tomic Journal of Power Sources 144 (2005) 268-279

  26. Questions? Thank You

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