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Psychology’s History and Approaches

Psychology’s History and Approaches. Unit 1 Study Presentation. What is Psychology? . The scientific study of behavior and mental processes Think Feel Act. Great Greek Philosophers. Socrates & Plato The mind is separate from the body Knowledge is with us at birth (innate ).

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Psychology’s History and Approaches

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  1. Psychology’s History and Approaches Unit 1 Study Presentation

  2. What is Psychology? • The scientific study of behavior and mental processes • Think • Feel • Act

  3. Great Greek Philosophers • Socrates & Plato • The mind is separate from the body • Knowledge is with us at birth (innate). • Aristotle disagreed; arguing the point that knowledge comes from our experiences in life and stored in memory. • GOOD JOB ARISTOTLE!!! :D

  4. More Dang Philosophers Locke Descartes • French • Animal Spirits • First introduction to the thought of a nervous system • Tabula Rasa • With the help of Francis Bacon... • Empiricism was born!! • Science should rely on observation and experimentation.

  5. …And they keep coming… William James Wundt • Founded the first psychological laboratory • Titchener (Student) • Introduced Structuralism ( using introspection to self-reflect) • Functionalism • Emphasized how behavior and mental processes enable us to adapt and survive

  6. Woman Power Calkins Washburn • The first female president of the APA • American Psychological Association • The first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology

  7. History in the Making • The early roots of Psychology come from fields including those in philosophy and biology. • In its earliest years, Psychology was defined as the science of mental life, but was then redefined as the science of observable behaviors.

  8. History continued • 1960s – Cognitive Revolution began as we recaptured interest in the actual processes of the mind. Cognitive Neuroscience began! • The study of brain activity linked directly with intelligence, perception, memory, and language.

  9. Sigmund Freud • Personality Theorist • Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality • Id, Ego, Superego • Psycho-Sexual Stages Jean Piaget Ivan Pavlov • Studied learning and how we acquire info. • Observational Learning….. • Pavlov, Dog… Remember??? • Child Psychology and Development

  10. Cognitive development • Concrete Operational • 7-11 years • Learn reasoning skills to conclude answers • Formal Operational • 11-15 years • Can think abstractedly as well as accurately draw conclusions • Sensorimotor • Birth-2 years • Senses • Preoperational • 2-7 years • Form concepts using symbols to gain language development

  11. More Important People (the list never ends!!!) Rogers & Maslow • BEHAVIORISM • A response to Freudian psychology. • Psychology should only focus on observable behaviors, not mental processes • We can’t observe feelings or emotions, but we can observe behavior. • Humanistic Psychology!! • Emphasized the growth of healthy people • More concerned with feelings

  12. Psychology’s Big Question • NATURE VS. NURTURE?? • Charles Darwin – Natural Selection • There is no second place! • Are we more shaped by our genetics or by our environment?

  13. Biopsychosocial Approach Biological: Natural Selection Genetics Psychological: Emotional Responses Learned fears, etc. Social-Cultural: Peer Influences Cultural/Family Expectations

  14. Psychology Approaches

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