Exceptions

1. Exceptions CSC 171 FALL 2004 LECTURE 24

2. READING • Read Horstmann Chapter 14 • This course covered Horstmann Chapters 1 - 15

3. EXAM • Thursday 12/9 in class • Chapters 11, 13-15

4. Make up exam • Friday 12/3 12:15PM-1:25PM • CSB 703

5. OLD Midterm 10% Projects (4) 40% Final 15% Quizes (10) 10% Labs (15) 15% Workshops 10% NEW Exam 1 13% Projects (4) 40% Exam 2 12% Quizes (6) 5% Labs (21) 20% Workshops 10% GRADING

6. Errors in Programming

7. Errors in Programming • Sometimes cause by our code • Sometimes caused by external code • Reasonable to take precautions

8. Two aspects of errors Recognizing when an error occurs Dealing with the errors

9. There are two aspects of handling failure: ________________ and ________________.

10. There are two aspects of handling failure: ___detection____ and ____recovery____________.

11. Old School have the method return an indication of success/failure (an “error code”) x.doSomething(); // becomes if (x.doSomething() == -1) return false;

12. New School • Java has an exception handling mechanism which can require potential errors to be recognized. • This mechanism is flexible and efficient.

13. In Java, ___________________________ provides a flexible mechanism for passing control from the point of error detection to a recovery handler.

14. In Java, __exception handling_______ provides a flexible mechanism for passing control from the point of error detection to a recovery handler.

15. Exception Objects

16. THROWING EXCEPTIONS If I am a method AND If a problem occurs then I can deal with it by : • Constructing a new exception object describing the problem • “Throw” the object to the method that invoked me (I have to terminate to do this)

17. Example public class BankAccount { public void withdraw(double amount) { if (amount > balance) throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Amount exceeds balance"); balance = balance - amount; } ... }

18. To signal an exceptional condition, use the _____________ statement to throw an _____________________ object.

19. To signal an exceptional condition, use the ____throw____ statement to throw an __________exception____ object.

20. When you throw an exception, the current method _____________________.

21. When you throw an exception, the current method __terminates______.

22. CHECKED/UNCHECKED • It’s hard to anticipate all possible exceptions at compile time. • The compiler checks to see if we deal with exceptions (checked exeptions) • Unchecked exceptions are not enforced by the compiler.

23. import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.IOException ; public class Console { public static void main(String [] args) { InputStreamReader isreader = new InputStreamReader(System.in); BufferedReader console = new BufferedReader(isreader); String input1 = console.readLine(); System.out.println(input1); } }

24. import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.IOException ; public class Console { public static void main(String [] args) throws IOException{ InputStreamReader isreader = new InputStreamReader(System.in); BufferedReader console = new BufferedReader(isreader); String input1 = console.readLine(); System.out.println(input1); } }

25. import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.IOException ; public class Console { public static void main(String [] args) { InputStreamReader isreader = new InputStreamReader(System.in); BufferedReader console = new BufferedReader(isreader); try { String input1 = console.readLine(); System.out.println(input1); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(“Problem”); } } }

26. Unchecked Exceptions int k = Integer.parseInt(“Hello World”); int [] a = {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} ; a[20] = 5;

27. There are two kind of exceptions: ______________________ and _____________________ exceptions.

28. There are two kind of exceptions: ___checked_______ and ___unchecked________ exceptions.

29. Unchecked exceptions extend the class _________________________ or _________________.

30. Unchecked exceptions extend the class _RuntimeException______ or _____Error______.

31. Checked exceptions are due to __________________________________. The compiler checks that your program handles these exceptions.

32. Checked exceptions are due to _external circumstances___. The compiler checks that your program handles these exceptions.

33. Add a _____________________ specifier to a method that can throw a checked exception.

34. Add a __throws_______ specifier to a method that can throw a checked exception.

36. You can design your own exception types – subclasses of _______________________ or ______________________.

37. You can design your own exception types – subclasses of __Exception____ or ___RuntimeException_.

38. public class InsufficientFundsException extends RuntimeException { public InsufficientFundsException() { }public InsufficientFundsException(String reason) { super(reason); } }

39. TRY/CATCH • Statements in try block are executed • If no exceptions occur, catch clauses are skipped • If exception of matching type occurs, execution jumps to catch clause • If exception of another type occurs, it is thrown to the calling method • If main doesn't catch an exception, the program terminates with a stack trace

40. try { BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("How old are you?"); String inputLine = in.readLine(); int age = Integer.parseInt(inputLine); age++; System.out.println("Next year,you'll be " + age); } catch (IOException exception) { System.out.println("Input/output error " +exception); } catch (NumberFormatException exception) { System.out.println("Input was not a number"); }

41. In a method that is ready to handle a particular exception type, place the statements that can cause the exception inside a ____________________, place the handler inside a ______________________________.

42. In a method that is ready to handle a particular exception type, place the statements that can cause the exception inside a ________try block________, place the handler inside a __catch clause_________.

43. It is better to _________________________________ than to _______________________.

44. It is better to ________give_______________ than to ________ receive _________.

45. finally • Exception terminates current method • Danger: Can skip over essential code • Example: BufferedReader in; in = new BufferedReader(   new FileReader(filename)); purse.read(in); in.close();  • Must execute in.close() even if exception happens • Use finally clause for code that must be executed "no matter what"

46. Once a try block is entered, the statements in a ___________________ clause are guaranteed to be executed, whether or not an exception is thrown.

47. Once a try block is entered, the statements in a ______ finally _____ clause are guaranteed to be executed, whether or not an exception is thrown.

48. Example BufferedReader in = null; try { in = new BufferedReader( new FileReader(filename)); purse.read(in); } finally { if (in !=null) in.close(); }