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Transcription & Translation

Transcription & Translation. From DNA to Protein. DNA. DNA is needed in each cell to make proteins . Because DNA is so important, when a cell divides, it must pass on an exact copy of the DNA to function correctly. Process of DNA replication DNA unzips – helicase enzyme

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Transcription & Translation

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  1. Transcription & Translation From DNA to Protein

  2. DNA DNA is needed in each cell to make proteins. Because DNA is so important, when a cell divides, it must pass on an exact copy of the DNA to function correctly. Process of DNA replication • DNA unzips – helicase enzyme • Free bases pair up with exposed bases • DNA rezips – 1 NEW strand -1 old strand

  3. DNA makes protein

  4. Transcription • DNA making a copy of mRNA • Happens in the nucleus • DNA unzips along a GENE • Free bases pair up with exposed bases • A-UC-G • When mRNA is complete, it detaches from DNA and DNA rezips • mRNA leaves the nucleus to go to the ribosome, carrying the DNA message • DNA is left in the nucleus SAFE

  5. Transcription Message goes out to the ribosome

  6. Transcription

  7. Genes & Codons • Each gene is composed of a specific sequence of nucleotides. • ACG CCA TGC TAC • Every three bases in this sequence is called a codon. • The rRNA comes and reads these codons

  8. 3 Types of RNA • mRNA – message (the message from the nucleus to the ribosome) • rRNA – read (reads the mRNA) • tRNA – take (takes the amino acids to the growing protein) • Complementary to the mRNA • A – U C - G

  9. Proteins • Proteins are made of amino acids. • Each codon directs the cell to place a specific amino acid in a particular place as the protein is built. • For example, the codon CAA in DNA codes for the amino acid “valine”. If this codon was the third codon in a gene, valine would be the third amino acid in the protein.

  10. CCA GUG GUC AUC AAA CGC ACU mRNA codon chart

  11. mRNA codon chart DNA: ATC GTT ACG GCT ATA TCG TTA CGG mRNA: tRNA: Amino acids: UAG CAA UGC CGA UAU AGC AAU GCC AUC GUU ACG GCU AUA UCG UUA CGG stop glu cys arg tyr ser asp ala Which do you read for the amino acid? The mRNA!!!

  12. Translation • Making the protein • Uses ALL 3 types of RNA • mRNA – is the MESSAGE • rRNA – READS the message – CODON by CODON • tRNA – TAKES the amino acids to the protein • Happens in the cytoplasm (at the ribosome)

  13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEDQoQuIhkg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OabrAXr_9rg

  14. DEMO • Watch carefully and PAY ATTENTION!! You will be doing this shortly!!

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