An ontology of computing

1. An ontology of computing

2. What is an ontology? • An ontology is a specification of a conceptualization. • A specification of a representational vocabulary for a shared domain of discourse — definitions of classes, relations, functions, and other objects — is called an ontology. http://tomgruber.org/writing/ontolingua-kaj-1993.htm

3. The Global Brain Artificial Intelligence Intelligent Agents Enterprise Minds Personal Assistants Semantic Webs Semantic Web Connects Knowledge The Metaweb Connects Intelligence Smart Marketplaces Group Minds The “Relationship” Web Ontologies Knowledge Management Lifelogs Knowledge Bases Decentralised Communities Semantic Weblogs Taxonomies Degree of Information Connectivity Enterprise Portals Marketplaces Auctions Wikis Search Engines Community Portals Content Portals RSS Weblogs Web Sites Groupware The Web Connects Information Social Software Connects People PIMs Social Networks eMail Databases “Push” USENET Pub-Sub Conferencing File Servers P2P File-sharing IM Degree of Social Connectivity Permission to re-use with attribution to: Nova Spivack (2004) http://www.novaspivack.com/science/new-version-of-my-metaweb-graph-the-future-of-the-net

4. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ontologies are the structural frameworks for organizing information and are used in artificial intelligence, the Semantic Web, systems engineering, software engineering, biomedical informatics, library science, enterprise bookmarking, and information architecture as a form of knowledge representation about the world or some part of it. The creation of domain ontologies is also fundamental to the definition and use of an enterprise architecture framework.

5. Why - Computing Ontology • Beyond the general reasons for an ontology of anything • Computing is a broad category of disciplines • Computer Science • Computer Engineering • Software Engineering • Artificial Intelligence • Information Science • Information Systems • Information Technology • More … Good for increased attention to special topics within the domains Potentially weakens the voice of the overall domain

6. The ACM Computing Classification System • First version: 1964 http://www.acm.org/about/class/cr64 • Three layer tree • 1. General Topics and Education • 2. Computing Milieu • 3. Applications • 4. Programming • 5. Mathematics of Computation • 6. Design and Construction • 7. Analog Computers

7. ACM CCS - 1991 • Four Layer Tree (11 top layer categories) • A. General Literature • B. Hardware • C. Computer Systems Organization • D. Software • E. Data • F. Theory of Computation • G. Mathematics of Computing • H. Information Systems • I. Computing Methodologies • J. Computer Applications • K. Computing Milieu

8. ACM CCS - 1998 • Revised over time. 11 top level categories. 4 level tree. • A. General Literature • B. Hardware • C. Computer Systems Organization • D. Software • E. Data • F. Theory of Computation • G. Mathematics of Computing • H. Information Systems • I. Computing Methodologies • J. Computer Applications • K. Computing Milieu No change at the top level

9. ACM CCS 2012 • General and reference • Hardware • Computer systems organization • Networks • Software and its engineering • Theory of computation • Mathematics of computing • Information systems • Security and privacy • Human-centered computing • Computing methodologies • Applied computing • Social and professional topics • Proper nouns: People, technologies and companies Now 14 top level categories Depth varies, up to 6 levels Interactive interface available at http://dl.acm.org/ccs.cfm

10. An exercise • Go to http://www.computingportal.org/cs2013 • Strawman document • Go to (document open to anyone with the link)https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MLdpEYfGdbfAtxhMX4-tk3sI7ckBYQoWqqN0Jq9PDKs/edit • With a partner, choose a topic area to classify • Go to Blackboard and fill in the classification for your topic • Then choose another topic and repeat. Please do not choose both at once, so that there is more freedom of choice for everyone.