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What is Childhood Obesity?

What is Childhood Obesity?. Excess percentage of body weight due to fat. Body Mass Index (BMI) - calculated from a child’s weight and height. Serious medical condition! Childhood obesity leads to health problems once limited to adults (diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol). .

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What is Childhood Obesity?

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  1. What is Childhood Obesity? • Excess percentage of body weight due to fat. • Body Mass Index (BMI) - calculated from a child’s weight and height. • Serious medical condition! • Childhood obesity leads to health problems once limited to adults (diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol).

  2. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults Between 1985 and 2010 • Definitions: • Obesity: Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher. • Body Mass Index (BMI): A measure of an adult’s weight in relation to his or her height, specifically the adult’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his or her height in meters.

  3. National Health Epidemic • 1 in 3 children/teens in U.S. are overweight/obese. • U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate 1 in 3 young people born in the year 2000 will develop Type 2 Diabetes. • Current generation of kids might be • first in U.S. history to live shorter • lives than their parents.

  4. What Factors Contribute to Obesity? DIET High-calorie foods/beverages are high in sugar. Fast foods Baked goods Vending machine snacks Soft drinks Candy & desserts

  5. Obesity Factors cont. INACTIVITY Sedentary kids gain weight because they don’t burn calories through physical activity. Watching television Surfing on the Internet Playing video games Cell phone usage

  6. Obesity Factors cont. GENETICS Children in overweight families are predisposed for excess weight, especially if high-calorie foods are available and physical activity isn’t encouraged. PSYCHOLOGICAL Some children overeat to cope with problems or deal with emotions like stress.

  7. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS,1990, 2000, 2010 (*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person) 2000 1990 2010 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

  8. SocioEcological Web and Childhood Obesity Public Policy Factors FDA-labels Community Factors School foods Institutional Factors advertising Families Interpersonal Factors School Individual Restaurants Supermarkets Dynamic links PA opportunities

  9. Obesity Can Lower Children's IQ • Obese children, as well as kids with metabolic syndrome are more likely to be behind their normal-weight peers in spelling, mental flexibility, arithmetic and overall cognitive scores,

  10. Metabolic syndrome • Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of health conditions, including high blood pressure (hypertension), elevated blood glucose levels, central obesity (too much fat around the waist), abnormal cholesterol levels, and insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome is seen as a prelude to diabetes type 2.Previous studies had demonstrated a link between metabolic syndrome in adults and cognitive deficits. This study has now shown that metabolic syndrome in teenagers is associated with even more extensive cognitive problems.

  11. TV Habits Predict Kids' Waist Size and Sporting Ability • Each hour of TV watched by a two- to four-year- old contributes to his or her waist circumference by the end of grade 4 and his or her ability to perform in sports • according to a world-first study undertaken by researchers at the University of Montreal

  12. Calories 110 Fat 2 g Sugar 1 g Fiber 3 g Calories 110 Fat 1 g Sugar 6 g Fiber 3 g Calories 120 Fat 1 g Sugar 14 g Fiber 0 g Are Cocoa Puffs really part of a healthy breakfast?

  13. Potential Health Risks with Obesity Glucose intolerance Insulin resistance Type 2 Diabetes Hypertension (HBP) High cholesterol Hepatic steatosis (FLD) Cholelithiasis (gallstones) Sleep apnea Asthma Skin conditions Menstrual abnormalities Impaired balance Orthopedic problems Low self-esteem Negative body image Depression Social stigma Teasing & Bullying Discrimination

  14. Prevention, Prevention, Prevention!

  15. Be Proactive! • Schedule yearly well-child visits. • Set a good example with eating habits. • Avoid food-related power struggles with your child. • Emphasize the positive - encourage a healthy lifestyle.

  16. Treatment for Obese Children • Changes in diet and increased physical activity. • Sometimes medications or weight-loss surgery. • Children under seven, (with no other health concerns), may need weight maintenance vs. weight loss. • Children over seven (or for younger children with health problems) need weight loss.

  17. Methods for Weight Management • HEALTHY EATING • Small changes can yield big results. • Buy fruits/vegetables vs. convenience foods high in sugar/fat. Keep healthy snacks available. • Never use food as a reward or punishment. • Limit sweetened drinks and those with fruit juice. • Discourage eating in front of TV or computer. • Limit meals at fast-food restaurants!

  18. Weight Managementcont. • PHYSICAL ACTIVITY • Physical Activity burns calories and builds bones and muscles. • Limit recreational screen time to less than 2 hours/day. • Emphasize physical activities, not exercise. • Find activities your child likes. • If you want an active child, be active yourself. • Vary the activities.

  19. References • American Academy of Pediatrics - aap.org • Mayo Clinic - mayoclinic.com • American Heart Association - americanheart.org • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - cdc.gov

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