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Understanding Data Feb 20, 2017

Learn about the concept of straight lines in data, including the slope and y-intercept. Understand exponential growth and doubling time, and explore graphs on linear and logarithmic scales. Examine population growth and immigration data to gain insights into historical and current trends.

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Understanding Data Feb 20, 2017

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  1. Understanding DataFeb 20, 2017

  2. Straight lines • y=mx+b: m is the slope of the line and b is the y-intercept • Slope m=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1)

  3. Real Data is usually non-linear This data would Not look like a Straight line If connected

  4. Human Population Growth

  5. Most populous cities

  6. The log scale Exponential plot is curved on linear scale, and straight on a logarithmic scale

  7. Developing Exponential Intuition • When the rate of increase depends directly on how much stuff there is, we get exponential growth • interest earned depends on balance • more rabbits are born if the population is larger • Important concept is doubling time • A 1% yearly increase doubles in 70 years • 1.0170 = 2.0 • A 5% increase doubles in 14 years • 1.0514 = 2.0 • Law of 70: doubles in (70 / % rate) periods

  8. Semi-log plot  straight line in this plot is exponential behavior slope indicates growth rate 0.035% per year (2000 yr doubling)

  9. 1.9%/yr (36 yr) Green (oil) Revolution 0.8%/yr industrial (coal) revolution 0.4%/yr 0.09%/yr 1865 1950 Where do you think human population is heading?

  10. Student debt Data

  11. Average Price of College • How quickly have tuition prices gone up from 1980-2010? • Describe using a line. • What was tuition like in the 1970s?

  12. Look for sudden changes

  13. Student Debt data

  14. Immigration Data

  15. What are the reasons for the spikes? Fourth wave 1965-present Third wave 1880-1914 Second wave 1820-1860 First wave

  16. FIRST WAVE English, Scots, Scots-Irish, Germans (migrated to Pennsylvania for religious freedom), Dutch, French, Spanish (migrated to Florida and southwest for Christian converts), Puritans (migrated to Massachusetts to establish a community restricted to members of their faith) SECOND WAVE German (escaping economic problems and seeking political freedom), British, Irish (poverty and famine encouraged emigration). THIRD WAVE Chinese, Japanese, and other Asian countries (migrated to the western states). FOURTH WAVE Europeans, Asians, Hispanics (Mexico)

  17. Interactive Immigration data Click on the map.

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