Background (1)

2. Background (1) • Original focus of the assessment: • To enhance capacities on agriculture, poverty alleviation, environmental management and sustainable trade promotion • Basis for selection: • Integrated policy approaches for maximum contribution of economic and trade policies • 80%-85% of Tanzanians depend on agriculture and agricultural related activities for their livelihoods

3. Background (2) • The original key objectives of the project • Strengthening environmental, social and economic institutional cooperation and coordination. • Facilitating the design of integrated policies, plans, and programmes • Enhancing capacity for sustainable development • Contributing to the country’s commitment to the goals of WSSD plan of implementation No change in focus and objectives

4. Key policy scenarios • Food self-sufficiency attainment • Will guarantee increased involvement in economic activities for poverty reduction. • Increased income • Will enhance capacities for agricultural production, environmental management and trade promotion • Will lead to sustainable income increase resulting into poverty reduction.

5. Productive sector to be assessed • Agricultural sector • Majority of Tanzanians (over 80%) depend on agriculture and agricultural related activities for their livelihoods.

6. Assessing economic, social and environmental impacts Key methods • SWOT Analysis • Trend Analysis • Poverty Monitoring Systems (PMS) • Gender Budget Analysis (GBA)

7. Process used in implementing the project • Community participation and consultation • Opportunities and Obstacles for Development (O &OD)

8. Assessment framework – Agricultural SectorMaize and Tomato Production in Ijombe Ward, 2005

9. Assessment framework (2)

10. Assessment framework (3)

11. Initial effects Scenario effects on price • Increase in price of maize leads to increase in land acreage and possibly degradation • For the alternative crop, increase in price leads to increase in use of insecticides that have environmental hazard effects

12. Effects of price change/incentives (1) Changes in price or incentive will lead to: Product • Increased production • Increased use of biological and mechanical inputs Scale • Increased acreage • Conducting EIA • Small, medium, large scale farmers

13. Effects of price change/incentives (2) Changes in price or incentive will lead to: Structural • Organizational skills • Markets, market facilitation and information database • Logistics • Specialization

14. Effects of price change/incentives (3) Changes in price or incentive will lead to: Technology • Use of irrigation technology • Agricultural, mechanization • Use of biological inputs • Introduction of SMEs to add value

15. Effects of price change/incentives (4) Changes in price or incentive will lead to: Regulatory • Bye laws, prohibiting cultivation around water sources • Labour laws • Contract laws • Cross border trade rules • Revenue authority laws • Licencing

16. Economic/Trade Effects (by 2007)

17. Environmental Effects

18. Effects on social well-being and poverty

19. Winners Maize and tomato producers Women and youth School-age children Malnourished children Abject poor households Traders/stockists Local authorities Losers The landless Environmental activists Groups/individuals without linkages to agricultural based activities Social effects - Winners and losers

20. Secondary effects (1) • Increased maize production --- increased income --- poverty reduction. (Increased tomato production will have the same if not a larger effect) • Reduction of poverty and positive changes in social well-being will lead to increased investments in economic activities which will lead to increased resources use as well as trade expansion.

21. Secondary effects (2) • Trade expansion --- employment creation --- increased incomes and economic growth. • Increased income, more use of natural resources, and increased use of agro-chemicals --- a negative effect on the environment --- harmful to economic growth --- counter productive to poverty reduction.

22. Recommendations (1) For ExAnte- or Concurrent Assessment • Policy formulation and plans to show interconnection between economic growth, poverty reduction, trade and the environment For Ex-Post Assessment • Formulation of bye-laws and regulations for environmental protection and trade promotion • Provision of incentives for trade promotion and environmental protection

23. Recommendations (2) • To improve the process of policy/plan-making • Raise awareness among members • Facilitate public participation in the interpretation of the issues at grass-root level • Give marginalized groups a chance of being heard .

24. Enabling conditions • Skills development at district, ward and village level • Awareness creation on environmental protection issues at the grass-root level • Provision of information on alternative income generating activities at grass-root level.

25. Needed Actions • Who • Government, Private sector, Civil society • What • Plan formulation, Management and Implementation, M&E • When • Before,during and after implementation of the plans

26. Lessons Learned (1) • There is a link between economic growth, poverty, trade and the environment. • Alternative income generating activities have different poverty reduction impact. • Skills development, awareness creation and capacity building measures are essential for the achievement of the project objectives.

27. Lessons Learned (2) • Gender equity is necessary for enhanced economic growth and poverty reduction. • Political commitment is essential in preparing the policy/plan and its implementation. • Good governance and the rule of law are essential for successful implementation of thepolicy/plan.

28. Thank you