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Section 2.2—Naming Chemicals

Section 2.2—Naming Chemicals. We need to be able to name the chemicals in the antacids!. The Language of Chemistry. Chemistry has a language all of its own. Chemistry. English. Element Symbols. Letters. Chemical Formulas. Words. Chemical Equations. Sentences.

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Section 2.2—Naming Chemicals

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  1. Section 2.2—Naming Chemicals We need to be able to name the chemicals in the antacids!

  2. The Language of Chemistry Chemistry has a language all of its own Chemistry English Element Symbols Letters Chemical Formulas Words Chemical Equations Sentences Each element symbol starts with a capital letter

  3. Binary Ionic compounds

  4. Ionic Compound Definitions Ionic bond- bond formed by attraction between + and - ions Binary Ionic Compound- compound containing two elements—one metal and one non-metal + Cation - Anion

  5. Metals & Non-Metals Ionic Bonds are between metals & non-metals

  6. Identifying & Naming Binary Ionic • These compounds have: • 2 elements (“binary”) • A metal & a non-metal (“ionic”) • To name these compounds: • Write the name of the metal (the cation) • Write the name of the non-metal (the anion) with the suffix “-ide” The subscripts in the formula do not matter when naming this type

  7. Example #1 NaCl

  8. Example #1 “Sodium” Cation NaCl Anion “Chlorine” becomes “Chloride” Sodium Chloride

  9. Example #2 CaBr2

  10. Example #2 “Calcium” Cation CaBr2 Anion “Bromine” becomes “Bromide” Calcium Bromide

  11. Example #3 K2O

  12. Example #3 “Potassium” Cation K2O Anion “Oxygen” becomes “Oxide” Potassium Oxide

  13. Let’s Practice CaF2 Na3P NaCl SrBr2 Example: Write the name for the following compounds

  14. Let’s Practice CaF2 Na3P NaCl SrBr2 Calcium fluoride Sodium phosphide Sodium chloride Strontium bromide Example: Write the name for the following compounds

  15. Polyatomic Ionic Compounds

  16. Polyatomic Ionic Compound - Polyatomic Anion Definition Polyatomic Ion- more than one atom that together have a charge Polyatomic Ionic Compound- compound containing at least one polyatomic ion + Cation

  17. Common Polyatomic Ions The Appendix of your book (Page A-2) has the following chart

  18. Help Identifying Polyatomic Ions • The only cation (front-half) polyatomic ion is “NH4” • All other polyatomic ions are anions (back-half) • The subscripts within the polyatomic ion is important (it must match exactly with the one on your ion list) • If there are parenthesis, the polyatomic ion is inside (ignore the number outside)

  19. Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions NaNO3 NH4Cl Ca(OH)2 (NH4)3PO4 K2CO3 Example: Identify and name the polyatomic ion in each compound

  20. Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions NaNO3 NH4Cl Ca(OH)2 (NH4)3PO4 K2CO3 Nitrate Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium & phosphate Carbonate Example: Identify and name the polyatomic ion in each compound

  21. Identifying & Naming Polyatomic Ionic • These compounds have: • More than 2 capital letters (non starting with H) • Contain at least 1 metal & 1 non-metal • To name these compounds: • Write the name of the cation (the metal element name or “Ammonium” for “NH4”) • If the anion is a polyatomic ion, write the polyatomic ion’s name just as it is • If the anion is a single non-metal element, write its name with the suffix “-ide”

  22. Example #4 NaNO3

  23. Example #4 “Sodium” Cation NaNO3 Polyatomic Anion “Nitrate” Sodium Nitrate

  24. Example #5 K2SO4

  25. Example #5 “Potassium” Cation K2SO4 Polyatomic Anion “sulfate” Potassium sulfate

  26. Example #6 Ca(OH)2

  27. Example #6 “Calcium” Cation Ca(OH)2 Polyatomic Anion “hydroxide” Calcium hydroxide

  28. Example #7 (NH4)2S

  29. Example #7 “Ammonium” Polyatomic Cation (NH4)2S Anion “sulfur” becomes “sulfide” Ammonium sulfide

  30. Let’s Practice Ca(NO3)2 Na3PO4 NH4ClO K2CO3 Example: Write the name for the following compounds

  31. Let’s Practice Ca(NO3)2 Na3PO4 NH4ClO K2CO3 Calcium nitrate Sodium phosphate Ammonium hypochlorite Potassium carbonate Example: Write the name for the following compounds

  32. Multivalent Metals

  33. Definition Multivalent Metal- metal that has more than one possibility for cationic charge The Appendix of your book (Page A-2) has the following chart Common multivalent metals and their charges Cobalt Co+2 Co+3 Copper Cu+1 Cu+2 Iron Fe+2 Fe+3 Lead Pb+2 Pb+4 Manganese Mn+2 Mn+3 Mercury Hg2+2 Hg+2 Tin Sn+2 Sn+4

  34. Identifying & Naming Multivalent Metals • These compounds have: • One of the multi-valent metals in that chart • To name these compounds: • Write the name of the metal element (cation) • Write the name of the anion (element name with “-ide” or polyatomic ion name) • Determine the total negative charge • Total negative charge = total positive charge for all neutral compounds • Determine the charge on each metal atom • Write the charge in roman numerals in parenthesis after the metal’s name

  35. Common Ions Use the periodic table to determine charges on common elemental anions

  36. Example #8 CuCl

  37. Example #8 “Copper” Cation CuCl Anion “Chlorine” becomes “Chloride” Copper Chloride

  38. Example #8 “Copper” Cation Chloride has a –1 charge CuCl -1 charge * 1 ion = -1 A –1 charge needs a +1 charge Anion “Chlorine” becomes “Chloride” Therefore, copper must be +1 Copper Chloride (I)

  39. Example #9 Fe2(CO3)3

  40. Example #9 “Iron” Cation Fe2(CO3)3 Polyatomic Anion “Carbonate” Iron carbonate

  41. Example #9 “Iron” Cation Carbonate has a –2 charge Fe2(CO3)3 -2 charge * 3 ions = -6 A –6 charge needs a +6 charge and there are 2 iron ions Polyatomic Anion “Carbonate” Therefore, iron must be +3 Iron carbonate (III)

  42. Let’s Practice PbCl2 PbCl4 MnO Mn2O3 Example: Write the name for the following compounds

  43. Let’s Practice PbCl2 PbCl4 MnO Mn2O3 Lead (II) chloride Lead (IV) chloride Manganese (II) oxide Manganese (III) oxide Example: Write the name for the following compounds

  44. Binary Covalent Compounds

  45. Covalent compound Definition Covalent bond atoms share electrons Binary Covalent Compound compound made from two non-metals that share electrons Non metal Non metal

  46. Identifying & Naming Binary Covalent • These compounds have: • 2 elements (“binary”) • Both non-metals (“covalent”) • To name these compounds: • Write the name of the first element with the prefix indicating the number of atoms (except don’t use “mono-”) • Write the name of the second element with the prefix indicating the number of atoms (including “mono-”) and the suffix “ide”

  47. Covalent Prefixes The Appendix of your book (Page A-2) has the following chart

  48. Example #10 P2O5

  49. Example #10 2 = “di-” Phosphorus P2O5 Oxygen 5 = “penta-” Use “-ide” Diphosphorus pentaoxide

  50. Example #11 SiO2

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