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Factors Affecting Health & Fitness. Starter Task. On your sheet – write as much as you know about how these factors can affect your health and fitness. Diet Smoking Alcohol Drugs Illness Pregnancy Age Sex (Gender) Stress Environment. Diet.
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Starter Task On your sheet – write as much as you know about how these factors can affect your health and fitness. • Diet • Smoking • Alcohol • Drugs • Illness • Pregnancy • Age • Sex (Gender) • Stress • Environment
Diet Your body needs certain substances for energy, growth and repair. If you don’t eat a healthy diet your body won’t function properly. We will discuss the importance of eating a healthy, balanced diet later in this workbook.
A Balanced Diet • Daily intake of food containing right amounts and types of nutrients
Smoking There is no ‘safe’ level of smoking. Every cigarette damages the body as they contain 3 dangerous substances: • Nicotine – Addictive, speeds up heart rate and blood pressure, leading to heart disease. • Tar - is a brown substance which is very sticky, and as a result collects in the lungs making breathing more difficult. It will eventually lead to bronchitis and cancer of the mouth, throat and lungs. Tar affects performance by reducing the amount of oxygen which can be taken into the body • Carbon monoxide is a highly poisonousgas which enters the blood stream via the lungs, and takes the place of oxygen within the red blood cells.As a result, less oxygen is transported around the body. A Non-Smoker’s Lungs Free of Tar A Smoker’s Lungs with Deposits of Tar
Alcohol http://www.units.nhs.uk/unitCalculator.html Small quantities of alcohol do not do much harm to the body,but consumed in larger amounts, it does damage your health. Alcohol can lead to: • Liver Damage, Kidney Damage and general organ failiure • Damage to the nervous system – loss of feeling • Mental health – depression, paranoia • Obesity • Tooth Decay • Cancer (many different types) • High Blood Pressure • Heart Palpitations • Risk of harm or abuse The following all contain 1 unit of alcohol: • ½ pint of beer or lager • 1 glass of red or white wine • 1 pub measure of spirits
Friday Night Drinking Saturday Night Drinking The Rest of the Week Heavy Drinking Eventually, regular heavy drinking over a prolonged period will lead to: Kidney Damage Liver Damage A General Failure of the Body Organs to Work Properly
Illness • You should never exercise when you're unwell, even if you just have a cold. • Exercise will put more strain on your immune system and prolong the illness. This will result in you spending more time away from your fitness programme. • Illness can also be a prime cause of other injuries because it is more difficult to concentrate on your exercise routine if you're feeling ill
Pregnancy • Although they may not feel like running a marathon, most women benefit greatly from exercising throughout their pregnancies. But during that time, they will need to make a few adjustments to their normal exercise routine. It is not a good idea to start regular exercise if you are pregnant, but if you have been exercising regularly before you became pregnant, there is no reason why you should stop. • All pregnant women would be • well advised to consult with • their GP before continuing with • their normal exercise programme.
Age You are usually fittest in your twenties but then fitness levels begin to fall in your thirties. • Muscles get weaker. • Your bones may become lighter and your joints stiffer. • Bone also become more susceptible to breaks • You could experience an increase in heart rate. • Often your movements become slower and there is a natural increase in body fat.
Gender • There are a number of differences between males and females that will affect their potential to get fit
Stress • Too much stress in your life can cause high blood pressure and heart disease. • It makes your muscles tense and can cause you to lose concentration.
Environment • Regular exercising outdoors may mean that you are exposed to fumes from traffic or factories which can cause damage to your lungs over time – this will affect your fitness. • Exercising on hot and humid days, you can cause you to overheat.
