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C Q R. Emergency Power Conference Monday, November 22, 2004 Bell Labs Network Reliability & Security Office Washington, DC. Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration . IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY.

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C Q R

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  1. C Q R Emergency Power Conference Monday, November 22, 2004 Bell Labs Network Reliability & Security Office Washington, DC Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY

  2. Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration C Q R Howard Bland, Raytheon Amarjeet Basra, IEEE Bob DeMart , Nextel Jack Edwards, Nortel David Frigeri, Internap Steven Dworkin, BatteryCorp Ira Bloom, Argon National Laboratories Frank Ignazzitto, ReliOn Manisa Pipattanasomporn, VA Tech Charlie Romano, Verizon Ken Smith, AT&T Facilitator: Marie Royce, Lucent Technologies Scribe: Jim Runyon, Bell Labs, NRIC & NRSC IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY

  3. Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration C Q R List of Sources Best Practices – Existing (Wireline) Battery = 8 hours for OSP (sufficient?) Generator Fixed Generators (typical 72 hours fuel) Portable Generators (DOT limits to ~200 gal transport w/o fuel trailer) Best Practices – Existing Technologies (Wireless) Battery = 2-4 hours (up to 8 hours) is cell site norm Generator (not at every sites) Fixed Generator at Critical Sites not typical at most Cell Sites Local Factors determine fuel storage (3 days fuel would be desired – not always doable) Best Practices – Data Centers (IDCs, Multi-tenant/Co-locations) - More typical AC environments with large UPSs - Dual commercial power sources is common - Generators: minimum is n+1, n+2, … IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY

  4. Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration C Q R List of Sources Existing Technologies: Wireline/Wireline - Battery backed up by generators IDC’s – Dual AC commercial w/UPS & Generator backup Backup Generators: Natural Gas + DieselORNatural Gas + LPG backup (Dual Fuel) Emerging Technologies Lead Acid: Issues: human cost/maintenance, life cycle, environment impact New Battery Types: Higher initial cost – Lower life cycle Human Cost (tech training, …) Fuel Cells: Alternate to either Battery or Generators Issues/Concerns: - Delivery of fuel - Storage of fuel issue (Power requirements >10Kw) IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY

  5. Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration C Q R List of Sources Emerging Technologies Renewable Technologies (Batteries Still Required) Solar Wind Geothermal BioFuel IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY

  6. Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration C Q R Next Steps – What Needs to Be Done Going Forward & How Can it Be Accomplished? Research Information Exchange Performance Data – w/New Technologies Economic Analysis (Existing versus New Technologies) – Lifecycle Matrix Layers of Redundancy Situational end-user IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY

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