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HEALTH EFFECTS OF LOW LEVEL RADIATION: WHEN WILL WE ACKNOWLEDGE THE REALITY?

EFECTOS DE SALUD DE NIVELES BAJOS DE RADIACIÓN: CUANDO COMPRENDEREMOS LA REALIDAD?. HEALTH EFFECTS OF LOW LEVEL RADIATION: WHEN WILL WE ACKNOWLEDGE THE REALITY?. Cuttler J. M. Formerly Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology, and Medicine, University of Massachusetts 2007.

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HEALTH EFFECTS OF LOW LEVEL RADIATION: WHEN WILL WE ACKNOWLEDGE THE REALITY?

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  1. EFECTOS DE SALUD DE NIVELES BAJOS DE RADIACIÓN: CUANDO COMPRENDEREMOS LA REALIDAD? HEALTH EFFECTS OF LOW LEVEL RADIATION: WHEN WILL WEACKNOWLEDGE THE REALITY? CuttlerJ. M. Formerly Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology, and Medicine, University of Massachusetts 2007 Dra. Rosa María Estrada José Nuñez del Prado Alcoreza Residente de Pediatría Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal Marzo 2011

  2. 26 de Abril; 1986

  3. Hipótesis del Umbral No Lineal (UNL) Extrapolación lineal de incidencia de Eventos en relación a la dosis de exposición (alta vs. baja) • Carcinogénesis • Malformaciones congénitas 1 Gray = 1 Joule de energía de radiación ionizante/Kg de tejido Exposición y riesgo. Berrington A, Darby SC, Weiss HA and Doll R. 2001.100 Years of Observation on British Radiologists: mortality from cancer and other causes 1897–1997. Br J Radiol 74:507-519 Calabrese EJ and Baldwin LA. 2000. Radiation Hormesis: Origins, History, Scientific Foundations. HumExpToxicol 19:41-75

  4. Umbral No Lineal • Exposición a bajas dosis: Estimulante Inmunológico. • Definición de límites de exposición: 0.2 R/d en 1934 y 0.3 R/semana en 1951. • Ningúnnivel mayor a los encontrados en la naturalezapuede ser completamenteseguro. Calabrese EJ. 2005. Historical Blunders: How Toxicology Got the Dose-Response Relationship Half Right. Cell Mol Biol 51:643-654 Cameron JR. 2002. Radiation Increases the Longevity of British Radiologists. Br J Radiol 75:637-638 Clarke RH. 2001. Progress Towards New Recommendations from the International Commission Radiological Protection. Nuclear Energy 40:37

  5. Hiroshima –Nagasaki (H-N) • Exceso de cáncer en Radiólogos Británicos y en sobrevivientes de H-N. • No existe evidencia de exceso de muertes por cáncer ni de exceso de malformaciones congénitas, en sobrevivientes de H-N. • Rango de 0 a 0,5 Gy.

  6. Riesgo en la exposición a radiación • Menor riesgo de muerte por cáncer. • Mayor sobrevida (comparada con otras especialidades). • Control de niveles de radiación. Clarke RH. 2001. Progress Towards New Recommendations from the International Commission Radiological Protection. Nuclear Energy 40:37 Cohen BL. 1995. Test of the Linear-No Threshold Theory of Radiation Carcinogenesis for Inhaled Radon Decay Products. Health Phys 68:157-174 Cuttler JM and Pollycove M. 2003. Can Cancer be Treated with Low Doses of Radiation? J Am hysSurg8:108 Cuttler JM. 2007. What Becomes of Nuclear Risk Assessment in Light of Radiation Hormesis? Dose- Response 5:80-90 Feinendegen LE. 2005. Evidence for Beneficial Low Level Radiation Effects and Radiation Hormesis. Br J Radiol 78:3-7

  7. Tubiana M. 2006. Dose-Effect Relationship and Estimation of the Carcinogenic Effects of Low Doses of Radiation: the Joint Report of the Académie des Sciences (Paris) and of the AcadémieNationale de Médecine. Int J Low Rad 2:135-153 UNSCEAR 1994. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Adaptive Responses to Radiation in Cells and Organisms. Report to the General Assembly with scientific annexes, Annex B

  8. Smith PG and Doll R. 1981. Mortality from all Causes Among British Radiologists. Br. J Radiol54:187- 194 Sponsler R and Cameron JR. 2005. Nuclear Shipyard Worker Study (1980–1988): A Large Cohort Exposed to Low-Dose-Rate Gamma Radiation. Int. J. Low Radiation 1:463-478 http://www.ecolo.org/documents/documents_in_english/low-dose-NSWS-shipyard.pdf

  9. Hormesis Kondo S. 1993. Health Effects of Low-Level Radiation. Kinki University Press, Osaka, Japan also Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, WI Liu S-Z, Liu WH and Sun JB. 1987. Radiation Hormesis: Its Expression in the Immune System. Health Phys52:579-583 Liu S-Z. 2003. Nonlinear Dose-Response Relationship in the Immune System Following Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Mechanisms and Implications. Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology and Medicine 1:71-92

  10. Chernobyl, (IAEA 2005) • 31 trabajadores del reactor nuclear muertos (en los 4 meses posteriores al accidente) • 19 muertos y 106 sobrevivientes con cirrosis hepática, enfisema y otras (18 años)(mortalidad normal/año) • El resto de los trabajadores recibio radiación similar a la población general. IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). 2005. Digest Report. The Chernobyl Forum, http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Focus/ Chernobyl/pdfs/05-28601_Chernobyl.pdf

  11. Chernobyl (IAEA 2005) • Se esperan 4000 muertes por cáncer (UNL) • No existió incremento en la mortalidad por radiación • 4000 casos de cáncer de tiroides en el monitoreo inmediato después del accidente, 9 muertes. IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). 2005. Digest Report. The Chernobyl Forum, http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Focus/ Chernobyl/pdfs/05-28601_Chernobyl.pdf

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