Impressionism

1. Impressionism Impression, Sunrise Impression, soleillevant

2. Before Impressionism • Neoclassicism • Late 18th to late 19th century • Drew upon Western classical art and culture • Coexisted at the same time as romanticism, taught in the academies • Romanticism • Late 18th to mid 19th century • emphasized the prominence of brush stroke and choice of color • Clashed with neoclassicism • Realism • about 1830 to 1870 • “Focus shifted away from idealism to a more realistic rendering of nature, social relationships, and the characteristics of the individual, society, and the nation at large.” • Barbizon School

3. Apotheosis of Homer Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

4. Liberty Leading the PeopleLa liberté guidant le peuple Eugène Delacroix

5. A Burial at OrnansUn enterrement à Ornans Gustave Corbet

6. L’académie des Beaux-Arts • French school of art, highly renowned, dominated the art scene in the middle of the 18th century. • Valued religious themes, historical subjects, and portraits. • Somber and conservative colors • Produced carefully finished, highly polished paintings that were very realistic. • Held an annual juried contest, the Salon de Paris.

7. A History of the Impressionist Movement • The annual Salon de Paris was held in 1863, and when Luncheon on the Grass was submitted, it was rejected. • Napoleon III decides that the people should have some say in the judging, so the Salon des Refusés is organized. • When this Salon is not organized again in the 1870s, a group of artists including Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, and Sisley form the Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs ("Cooperative and Anonymous Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers") . • Other artists including Degas and Cézanne were invited to participate, and 30 artists exhibited at this first meeting, held in the photographer Nadar’s studio. • The group gained the name “Impressionists” from Monet’s painting, Impression, Sunrise, as called by the critic Louis Leroy. It was meant as an insult, but it quickly gained popularity. • By about 1890, the movement and its techniques would have become common place.

8. Impressionist Techniques • En plein air • new practice of painting outside • Short, thick brush strokes, often impasto • Colors applied side by side, allowing the eye to mix them • Example: Applying a stroke of blue next to a stroke of yellow to create the color green • No glazes, giving paintings a softer look • Avoidance of dark colors • Emphasis on natural light

9. Luncheon on the GrassLe déjeuner sur l’herbe Édouard Manet

10. Camille Pissaro • Sometimes referred to as the ‘Father of Impressionism.’ • Mentor figure to Paul Cézanne and Paul Gauguin. • Painted landscapes and rural/urban French life. • Later in his career, he experimented with forms of neo-impressionism, such as pointillism.

11. The Boulevard Montmartre on a Winter MorningLe Boulevard Montmartre un matind’hiver Camille Pissaro

12. Rouen Cathedral Series(Rouen Cathedral, Full Sunlight) Claude Monet

13. Waterlilies Claude Monet

14. Dance ClassLe Classe de Danse Edgar Degas

15. Luncheon of the Boating PartyLe déjeuner des canotiers Pierre Renoir

16. The Child’s Bath Mary Cassatt

17. Le fin