Automotive Production Engineering; Glasses

1. Automotive Production Engineering; Glasses Somsak Siwadamrongpong 2/2552

2. Contents • Glass properties • Chemical, Physical and Optical properties • Glass structure • Automotive glasses • Tempered glasses • Zoned tempered glasses • Laminated Glasses • Automotive glass production

3. Glass Properties • General properties of glasses • High hardness / Brittle • Low density compared to high strength • Low thermal expansion coefficient • Low heat / electrical conductivity • High melting point • Good chemical resistance / Chemical inert • Wide range of optical transmission • Transparent • Translucent • Opaque

4. Optical transmission

5. Glass transition temperature; Tg By TMA: Thermal Mechanical Analysis

6. Glass transition temperature; Tg By DSC: Differential Scanning Calorimetry

7. Glass Applications

8. Glass Applications

9. Glass Applications

10. Glass Applications

11. Glass Applications

12. Glass Applications

13. Glass Applications

14. Glass Applications

15. Popular Glasses • Silicate glasses • Soda lime silicate • Aluminosilicate • Borosilicate • Phosposilicate • Chalcogenide glasses • Fluoride glasses • Ceramic Glaze

16. Glass structure; silicate (SiO2) Crystalline Amorphous

17. Glass structure; silicate (SiO2) Tetrahedral SiO2

18. O O O Si O O O O Si O O Si Si O O O O Si O O O O O Si O Glass structure; silicate : Vitreous silica (SiO2) • Each Si tetrahedron links to 4 tetrahedra by sharing corner with each other • All oxygen are presence as bridging oxygen (BO)

19. O O O Si Na+ O Na+ O O O- O- Si O O- O- Si Na+ Si Na+ O O O O Si O O O O O Si O Glass structure; silicate : Binary silicate glass (6SiO2-2Na2O) • Network linkage is broken as entering of network modifier • Non-bridging oxygen (NBO) is initiated and its charge is compensated with the metal cation

20. O O O Na+ Si O O Na+ O O- O- Si O O O Si Si O O Al O O Si O O O O - O O O O Al O Si Na+ Na+ - O O Glass structure; silicate : Ternary alumino-silicate glass (6SiO2-Al2O3-2Na2O) • Network consists of Si and Al tetrahedra • Metal cation is compensated by AlO2- and the excess cation will break the network and compensate with NBO

21. 2+ 2+ 2+ Glass structure; silicate : Ternary alumino-silicate glass (SiO2-Al2O3-CaO) system Al Si O Ca

22. Window glasses

23. Automotive Glasses • Tempered glasses / Zoned tempered glasses • Used for side and rare glasses • Laminated glasses • Used for front glass • Other glasses • UV / IR cut glass • Privacy glass • Water repelling glass

24. before cooling surface cooling further cooled compression cooler hot hot tension compression cooler Tempered glasses Strength increase 3-5 times of annealed glasses

25. Tempered glasses Tempered glass Zone tempered glass

26. Laminated Glasses PVB = Polyvinyl Butyral Interlaying Film

27. Glass Production Sand powder (SiO2), Al2O3, Na2O, CaO, MgO Raw Materials Floating Technique Flat Glass For construction, panel automotive and others • Tempered Glasses • Laminated Glasses

28. Flat Glass Production

29. Floating Technique

30. Floating Technique A A Section A-A

31. Floating Technique

32. Flat Glass Production Line

33. Flat Glass Production Line

34. Flat Glass Production Line

35. Flat Glass Production Line

36. Glass Tempering Processes

37. Glass Tempering Processes Washing / Drying Section Laminating / Heating Section

38. Tempered Glass’s Temperature Inspection

39. Glass Laminating Processes

40. Glass Laminating Processes Inspection, Packing

41. Glass Laminating Processes

42. Glass Laminating Processes Pre-Processes for Glass Laminating

43. Glass Laminating Processes Post-Processes for Glass Laminating

44. Q & A