Best Management Practices and the Chesapeake Bay Program Watershed Model

1. Best Management Practices and the Chesapeake Bay Program Watershed Model Jeff Sweeney University of Maryland Chesapeake Bay Program Office jsweeney@chesapeakebay.net 410-267-9844 Potomac Watershed Forum IV George Mason University - Prince William Campus August 12, 2005

2. Chesapeake Bay ProgramCurrent Modeling Structure

3. Purposes of the Chesapeake Bay ProgramWatershed Model • Measure the environmental effects of particular management schemes for planning purposes. • What’s the impact of BMP implementation on nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads? • Results help direct tributary strategy development • What yields the biggest bang and the biggest bang for the buck? • Load allocations • Equitably account for all load sources. • Measure of loading cap maintenance • Provide loads to the Estuary Model • What’s the impact of BMP implementation on living resources/water quality? • What yields the biggest bang and the biggest bang for the buck? • Remove impairments by 2010 • Attainment of water quality standards in the Chesapeake Bay will be determined by tidal water monitoring data, not the models.

4. VA Lower PotomacLoad and BMP Data

5. VA Lower PotomacNitrogen Loads to the Chesapeake Bay 2003 – 2010 Strategy Load Reductions

6. VA Lower PotomacPhosphorus Loads to the Chesapeake Bay 2003 – 2010 Strategy Load Reductions

7. VA Lower PotomacSediment Loads to the Chesapeake Bay 2003 – 2010 Strategy Load Reductions

8. Chesapeake Bay WatershedTributary Strategy Agricultural BMPs * BMPs in red are in VA Lower Potomac Tributary Strategy

9. Chesapeake Bay WatershedTributary Strategy Urban and Mixed Open BMPs * BMPs in red are in VA Lower Potomac Tributary Strategy

10. Chesapeake Bay WatershedTributary Strategy Forest, Septic and Shoreline BMPs * BMPs in red are in VA Lower Potomac Tributary Strategy

11. Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelOpportunities for BMPs Input Data River Simulation Opportunities for BMPs Land Simulation Output

12. Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelOpportunities for BMPs • BMPs involving landuse conversions • BMPs with nutrient and sediment reduction efficiencies • BMPs with both landuse conversions and reduction efficiencies • BMPs that alter nutrient applications to cropland • Diet and feed changes • Manure transport • Nutrient management applications

13. BMPs Involving Landuse Conversions Fertilizer Atmosphere Manure Runoff

14. BMPs Involving Landuse Conversions Fertilizer Atmosphere Manure Runoff

15. AgriculturalBMPs Involving Landuse Conversions Load reductions attributed to movement to lower-exporting landuses.

16. Urban, Mixed Open and Septic BMPs Involving Landuse and Source Conversions • Load reductions attributed to • movement to lower-exporting landuses. • In the case of septic connections, • it’s assumed in the hook-up of • septic to sewer, load is now part of • tracked point source discharge.

17. Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelOpportunities for BMPs • BMPs involving landuse conversions • BMPs with nutrient and sediment reduction efficiencies • BMPs with both landuse conversions and reduction efficiencies • BMPs that alter nutrient applications to cropland • Diet and feed changes • Manure transport • Nutrient management applications

18. BMPs With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies Fertilizer Atmosphere Manure Runoff

19. BMPs With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies Fertilizer Atmosphere Manure Runoff

20. BMPs With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies How Efficiency BMPs Are Credited In The Model: Reduction = acres treated by BMP* BMP efficiency total segment acres • By Landuse and Model Segment

21. BMPs With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies How Efficiency BMPs Are Credited In The Model: BMPs That Cannot Be Applied To Same Landuse: • Mutually Exclusive – Additive In Nutrient Reduction Capabilities • Examples: • Riparian forest and grass buffers • Pasture grazing BMPs • Urban stormwater BMPs Several BMPs On Same Landuse – Consecutive: • One BMP Reduces The Nutrients Available For Subsequent BMPs – Multiplicative In Nutrient Reduction • Examples: • Conservation Plans • Cover Crops

22. Agricultural BMPsWith Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies BMP efficiencies for removing TN, TP, and SED are collaboration of Bay Program Subcommittee and Workgroup participants (i.e., peer review) after appraisal of literature and/or best professional judgment.

23. Urban and Mixed Open BMPsWith Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies BMP efficiencies for removing TN, TP, and SED are collaboration of Bay Program Subcommittee and Workgroup participants (i.e., peer review) after appraisal of literature and/or best professional judgment.

24. Urban, Septic and Forestry BMPsWith Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies BMP efficiencies for removing TN, TP, and SED are collaboration of Bay Program Subcommittee and Workgroup participants (i.e., peer review) after appraisal of literature and/or best professional judgment.

25. Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelOpportunities for BMPs • BMPs involving landuse conversions • BMPs with nutrient and sediment reduction efficiencies • BMPs with both landuse conversions and reduction efficiencies • BMPs that alter nutrient applications to cropland • Diet and feed changes • Manure transport • Nutrient management applications

26. Agricultural BMPs With Both Landuse Conversions and Reduction Efficiencies • Riparian buffer and wetland efficiencies • vary by hydro-geomorphic region. • Wetland restoration is treated the • same as riparian forest buffers. • Forest and grass buffers are “additive” between each • other but “multiplicative” with other BMPs.

27. Urban and Mixed Open BMPs With Both Landuse Conversions and Reduction Efficiencies • Riparian buffer and wetland efficiencies for mixed open vary by hydro-geomorphic region. • Wetland restoration is treated the • same as riparian forest buffers.

28. Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelOpportunities for BMPs • BMPs involving landuse conversions • BMPs with nutrient and sediment reduction efficiencies • BMPs with both landuse conversions and reduction efficiencies • BMPs that alter nutrient applications to cropland • Diet and feed changes • Manure transport • Nutrient management applications

29. BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to Cropland

30. BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to CroplandNutrient Management Applications • Phase 4 Watershed Model accounts for both N- and P-based nutrient management. • Phase 4 fertilizer application data is from state agricultural agencies.

31. BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to Cropland Nutrient Management Applications • Phase 4 Watershed Model accounts for both N- and P-based nutrient management. • Phase 4 fertilizer application data is from state agricultural agencies.

32. BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to Cropland Nutrient Management Applications Fertilizer Atmosphere Manure Runoff

33. BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to Cropland Nutrient Management Applications Fertilizer Atmosphere Manure Runoff

34. BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to Cropland Nutrient Management Applications

35. Chesapeake Bay Program Phase 5 Watershed Model

36. Chesapeake Bay WatershedModeled Landuses All BMPs applied to Phase 4.3 model landuses must be accurately distributed to Phase 5 landuses

37. Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelBMP Spatial Scale Phase 4 County-Segments • BMP implementation levels are known or have been submitted by jurisdictions in the following spatial scales: • state • state-segment • tributary strategy basin • TMDL basin • county • county-basin • county-segment • point (latitude-longitude)

38. Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelBMP Spatial Scale Phase 5 Land Segments Phase 5 River Segments

39. Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelExtension for Phase 5 Phase 5 Watershed Model Extention

40. Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelCalibration Phase 4.3 Calibration Phase 5 Calibration Calibration sites = 26 Watersheds = 94 Land uses = 9 Simulation Years = 17 CB Watershed Calibration sites = 237 Watersheds = 684 Land uses = 24 Simulation Years = 20 Extended Network Calibration sites = 296 Watersheds = 899

41. Chesapeake Bay Program Models • Attainment of water quality standards in the Chesapeake Bay will be determined by tidal water monitoring data, not the models.

42. Chesapeake Bay Watershed ModelInformation Resources • http://www.chesapeakebay.net/tribtools.htm • Watershed Model Inputs and Outputs • Best Management Practices • Chesapeake Bay Program Technical Reports • Presentations • Cap Setting and Allocation • Chesapeake Bay Models • http://www.chesapeakebay.net/pubs/1127.pdf • Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model Land Use and Model Linkages to the Airshed and Estuarine Models • http://www.chesapeakebay.net/pubs/777.pdf • Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model Applications & Calculation Of Nutrient & Sediment Loadings - Appendix H: Tracking Best Management Practice Nutrient Reductions in the Chesapeake Bay Program • http://www.chesapeakebay.net/committee.htm • Nutrient Subcommittee • Agricultural Nutrient Reduction Workgroup • Forestry Workgroup • Point Source Workgroup • Sediment Workgroup • Tributary Strategy Workgroup • Urban Stormwater Workgroup • Chesapeake Bay Program Data Submission Information for Urban Storm Water BMP Data • BMP Stream Restoration in Urban Areas Crediting Jurisdictions for Pollutant Load Reductions • BMP Guidance for the States and the District • BMP Pollutant Removal Efficiencies • BMP Definitions