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Impulse and Momentum

Impulse and Momentum. youtube. Linear Momentum. “The change of motion is ever proportional to the motive force impressed; and is made in the direction of the right [straight] line in which that force is impressed” Sir Isaac Newton. What Newton called “motion” translates into “moving inertia”.

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Impulse and Momentum

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  1. Impulse and Momentum youtube

  2. Linear Momentum “The change of motion is ever proportional to the motive force impressed; and is made in the direction of the right [straight] line in which that force is impressed” Sir Isaac Newton What Newton called “motion” translates into “moving inertia”. Today the concept of moving inertia is called momentum which is defined as the product of mass and velocity. LARGE MASS, SMALL VELOCITY momentum is a vector quantity SI unit for momentum SMALL MASS, LARGE VELOCITY

  3. impulse momentum change Impulse and Momentum Newton’s 2nd Law was written in terms of momentum and force IMPULSE MOMENTUM THEOREM youtube Impulse causes a change of momentum for any object. This is analogous to work, which causes a change of energy for any object. impulse is a vector quantity SI unit of impulse

  4. Impulse and Safety MOMENTUM CHANGED BY A SMALL FORCE OVER A LONG TIME MOMENTUM CHANGED BY A LARGE FORCE OVER A SHORT TIME Other examples of car safety that involve increased time and decreased force (but result in equal impulse) Other examples force/time in impulse Air cushioned shoes Bending knees when landing Natural turf vs. artificial turf Gym and playground mats Helmets/padding for sports Shocks/forks in bicycles Airbags Seatbelts Crumple zones Bumpers Padding

  5. Impulse of Sports youtube A boxer who “rolls with the punch” will experience less force over more time. IN SPORTS THE IMPACT TIME IS SHORT, BUT EVERY BIT COUNTS! In many sports you are taught to “follow through”. Why? As you “follow through” the time of contact with the ball is increased, so the amount of momentum change is also increased. You get more momentum and more speed and more distance!

  6. Impulse of Sports

  7. Third Law and Impulses Every action has an equal and opposite reaction: Every action takes just as long as the reaction so: Every impulse has an equal and opposite impulse: The momentum changes are equal and opposite: The momentum changes are equal and opposite:

  8. Conservation of Momentum If two isolated objects interact (collide or separate), then the total momentum of the system is conserved (constant). click for applet click for applet click for applet SEPARATION OR EXPLOSION ELASTIC COLLISION INELASTIC COLLISION

  9. Inelastic Collisions Most collision are somewhat inelastic, with some kinetic energy converted into thermal energy When two objects collide they may combine into one object in a perfectly inelastic collision BALLISTIC PENDULUM

  10. Elastic Collisions Ideal collisions are elastic, with zero kinetic energy converted into thermal energy (heat) Springs and magnets can create elastic collisions. Other examples: air molecules, billiard balls, spacecraft gravitational boost. NEWTON’S CRADLE

  11. Collision in Two Dimensions (Honors) Conservation in x,y Directions Two billiard ballscollide as shown below. Ball 1 is the cue ball, mass 0.17 kg, and is initially traveling along the x-axis with a speed of 15 m/s. Ball 2, mass 0.16 kg, is at rest. After the collision, ball 2 moves away with a speed of 6.6 m/s at an angle of 58˚.  What is the speed of ball 1 after the collision? What is the angle made with the positive x axis? Is the collision elastic?

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