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Learn about various text structures used in writing, such as Chronology, Compare/Contrast, Cause/Effect, Problem/Solution, Position/Reason, and Description/Categorization, and how they serve different purposes in fiction and non-fiction works.
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What is a text structure? • “Text structure” refers to how a piece of text or writing is built or put together.
Authors… • Structure their work differently for different types of texts. • For example, authors of fiction use a different text structure than an author of non-fiction.
Non-FictionDifferent Structures for Different Purposes • Chronology • Compare/Contrast • Cause and Effect • Description/Categorization • Problem/Solution • Position/Reason
Text Structure Review:Lesson 1 Objective:REVIEW 3 TEXT STRUCTURES and ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS FOR Chronology/Sequential Order Compare/Contrast Cause and Effect
Chronological/Sequential Order • Purpose: • Nonfiction: to inform • Fiction: to entertain • To show events in the order in which they occurred or to show steps in a process. • Chronological: events • Sequential: steps or process
Chronological Order Keywords • first, next, later, then, and finally –can you think of any more? • Even dates or time periods in history give a sense of time.
Compare/Contrast • Comparisons – show how things are alike • Contrast – shows how things are different • Suppose an author wanted to explain how these two faces are similar and different. • The author would need to use compare and contrast.
COMPARE/CONTRASTVenn diagrams allow you to all the information in one place.
Cause/Effect Text Structure Cause/Effect Keywords cause, effect, as a result, consequently, and so. • Purpose: to explain how and why things happen. • How one event leads to another • Why decisions are made.
Organizing Cause/Effect You may have one or more causes that create on huge effect which may in turn create one or more other effects as well.
How could your organize the cause and effects of flooding? • Draw your own causal chain using the information from the passage? • Let’s go back to the passage.
Text structures we’ve learned so far • Chronological Order • Compare and Contrast • Cause and Effect
Match the clue words! Can you identify the text structure that these clue words indicate? on the other hand similarity Compare/Contrast Cause/Effect as a result Chronological Order after that Uncover the answers to see if you are right!
Problem/Solution Text Structure • Purpose: to explain a problem, and then offer one or more solutions.
Problem/SolutionKeywords Synonyms for problem: difficulty, struggle, uncertainty, worry, threat, and trouble Synonyms for solution: possibility, hope, bright spot, answer, and future
Position/Reason • Author’s Purpose: to persuade/influence • Gives reasons why an idea or point should or should not be supported. • Article states someone’s position and gives reasons why they do or do not support something.
What in this passage is a fact and what is an opinion? What argument is being made?
Last One…Description/Categorization • IF the author wants you to know or describe how something looks, moves, works, etc he or she may use this type of text structure. • Also used to show which things can be organized into LIKE categories or groups based on some identifying characteristic.
Last One…Description/Categorization • Texts organized using this structure will list various types of things and their characteristics which set them apart from other things that have similar qualities. Organizational charts used to help sort out texts with a lot of information can be webs, venn diagrams and descriptive matrixes.
