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Urban Stormwater Impact: Farmland Conversion & Water Quality

Explore the effects of urban stormwater on water quality due to farmland conversion. Learn about impacts, data, & solutions.

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Urban Stormwater Impact: Farmland Conversion & Water Quality

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  1. Rate of Farmland Conversion to Non-farming Uses 1982-2007 >2500 acres/day* (a cumulative area the size of Indiana) *Data from American Farmland Trust

  2. Urban Stormwater Impacts: Quantity from Stream Corridor Restoration, produced by the Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group

  3. Rainfall data are from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/time-series/us/33/4/pcp/1/7/1895-2016?base_prd=true&firstbaseyear=1901&lastbaseyear=2000&trend=true&trend_base=10&firsttrendyear=1895&lasttrendyear=2016for north central (Rock Creek) and northeast (Big Creek) Ohio. Runoff data are derived from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow data from http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?site_no=12334510(Rock Creek) and http://waterdata.usgs.gov/oh/nwis/uv?site_no=04208502(Big Creek).

  4. Urban Stormwater Impacts: Quantity

  5. Watershed System ET Soil Erosion Runoff - - Precipitation Vegetation Density Infiltration Capacity + - Impervious Cover Soil Moisture or Groundwater Storage (or Stock) Input Output

  6. Urban Stormwater Impacts: Quality • Urban stormwater is listed as the primary source of impairment for 13% of all rivers, and 18% of all lakes (National Research Council, 2008). • In 2010, stormwater caused more than 8700 beach closings and advisory days; sewage spills and overflows caused more than 1800 beach closings and advisory days (National Research Defense Council, 2011). • Urban construction sites can result in the loss of approximately 35–45 tons of sediment per acre each year (American Society of Civil Engineers and Water Environment Federation, 1992). • Insecticides often occur at higher concentrations in urban streams than in agricultural streams (U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1225). • Total phosphorus concentrations in urban streams exceed EPA’s goal for nuisance plant growth in 70% of streams (U.S. Geological Survey NAWQA Program). • Fecal coliform bacteria commonly exceed recommended standards for water recreation (U.S. Geological Survey NAWQA Program). https://catalog.archives.gov

  7. 2011 NLCD Classification of Developed Land Cover https://catalog.archives.gov reproduced from http://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php

  8. 2500 ft

  9. 2500 ft

  10. 2500 ft Percent Impervious Surface

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