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Butcher-Oemler (B-O) 效应 (1978, 1984)

Butcher-Oemler (B-O) 效应 (1978, 1984). Rakos & Schombert 1995 ApJ, 439 , 47. 引言：. A168 研究进展. 邻近星系团 z = 0.045; BM: II-III 非统一的光度函数：较平的暗尾 (Dressler, A. 1978, ApJ, 223, 765)

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Butcher-Oemler (B-O) 效应 (1978, 1984)

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  1. Butcher-Oemler (B-O)效应(1978, 1984) 博士论文答辩 Rakos & Schombert 1995 ApJ, 439, 47

  2. 博士论文答辩

  3. 引言： A168研究进展 • 邻近星系团 z = 0.045; BM: II-III • 非统一的光度函数：较平的暗尾(Dressler, A. 1978, ApJ, 223, 765) • 双X射线峰，明显的X/光学中心偏离：~10¢ (~540 kpc, H0=75) 很可能是两个子团碰撞的结果(Ulmer,M.~P., Wirth, G.~D., & Kowalski, M.~P. 1992, ApJ, 397, 430) • 没有发现与碰撞有关的蓝星系(Tomita et al. 1996 AJ, 111, 42) 博士论文答辩

  4. A168的形成与演化的综合研究： 博士论文答辩

  5. Appendix I Statistic of velocities 博士论文答辩

  6. Statistic of velocities 博士论文答辩

  7. Statistic of velocities- K-S • K-S test results D=0.30 P=6% • So, two velocity distribution is significantly different at 94% confidence level. 博士论文答辩

  8. Bubble plot 博士论文答辩

  9. Velocity along the elongation 博士论文答辩

  10. 光学数据及其分析：动力学 &光度函数： 动力学 • K-S检验表明这两个分布有94%的概率来自不同的母分布。 • 分布的扭曲(skewness) 和拖尾(kurtosis)检验表明他们有本质的区别。 • 平均视向速度差是：264±142 km/s 博士论文答辩

  11. Appendix II Gravitationally bound 博士论文答辩

  12. L.O.S. Gravitationally bound 博士论文答辩

  13. Mass estimation 博士论文答辩

  14. Gravitationally bound 博士论文答辩

  15. Gravitationally bound 博士论文答辩

  16. Gravitationally bound • Probability of binding. 博士论文答辩

  17. P=92% GB- probability 博士论文答辩

  18. 博士论文答辩

  19. Appendix III LFs & DSF 博士论文答辩

  20. 引言： 光度函数1 博士论文答辩 • X-RAY EMISSION FROM CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES - Craig L. Sarazin (1988)

  21. Schechter Function 博士论文答辩

  22. 引言： 光度函数2 博士论文答辩 Trentham & Tully 2002, MNRAS, 335, 712

  23. Double Schechter Function (DSF) 博士论文答辩

  24. DSF fit (figure) 博士论文答辩

  25. DSF fit (table) 博士论文答辩

  26. 光学数据及其分析：动力学 &光度函数： 光度函数 • B/FA168N=0.68 • B/FA168S=1.37 • 明显的星系成分差别说明A168N和A168S 很可能有不同的形成与演化的历史。 博士论文答辩

  27. Appendix IV Density profile 博士论文答辩

  28. Density profile 博士论文答辩

  29. Appendix V Photometric redshift 博士论文答辩

  30. 测光红移 博士论文答辩

  31. S-P- redshift compare 博士论文答辩

  32. Redshift distribution 博士论文答辩

  33. Appendix VI Eest-west divide 博士论文答辩

  34. LF for EW 博士论文答辩

  35. SP for EW 博士论文答辩

  36. VD for EW 博士论文答辩

  37. Appendix VII X-ray observations 博士论文答辩

  38. Proposal abstract • Proposal Title: ABELL 168, A RARE MERGER WITH THE SIMPLEST GEOMETRY • Proposal Number: 03800125 • Principal Investigator: Maxim Markevitch • Abstract:Mergers provide a unique laboratory for studying cluster physics. For example, using the gas temperature and density upstream and downstream of a merger shock, one can determine the shock velocity that defines the merger timescale and energetics. If shock fronts are discernible (with the help of Chandra's arcsecond resolution), one can use them to study microscopic properties of the intracluster plasma, including the magnetic field. While many clusters exhibit signs of merging, most have complicated geometries and projections that preclude unambiguous interpretation. We propose to obtain a detailed temperature map of A168 whose image suggests a head-on collision of two similar cool subclusters occurring in the plane of the sky - the simplest possible merger scenario. 博士论文答辩

  39. Chandra X 射线分析：观测及数据处理： 观测信息 • Target Name: A168_OFFSET1A168_OFFSET2 • Observe data: 2002-01-05 2002-11-01 • Released data: 2003-01-10 2003-11-05 • Exposure time: 41.12 ks 38.11 ks • Observation ID: 3203 3204 • Instrument: ACIS-I ACIS-I 博士论文答辩

  40. Chandra X 射线分析：观测及数据处理： 数据处理 • ACIS 原始数据处理:ciao3.0http://cxc.harvard.edu/ciao/ • 二级 (Level-two) 数据文件 博士论文答辩

  41. 博士论文答辩

  42. After “csmooth” Appendix of Imaging2 博士论文答辩

  43. Appendix of Imaging1 Exposure Map Corrected 博士论文答辩

  44. 博士论文答辩

  45. 博士论文答辩

  46. Chandra X 射线分析：X射线谱分析： 博士论文答辩

  47. Chandra X 射线分析：X射线谱分析： 博士论文答辩

  48. Chandra X 射线分析：X射线谱分析： 博士论文答辩

  49. 博士论文答辩

  50. Appendix VIII Eest-west divide 博士论文答辩

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