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Inland Water Systems

Inland Water Systems. Outline: introduction area and distribution  excursion: peatlands Services Condition Drivers of change conclusions. Inland Water Systems. IWS are: All inland aquatic habitats, whether fresh, brackish or saline, as well as inland seas Lakes Rivers marshes

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Inland Water Systems

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  1. Inland Water Systems Outline: • introduction • area and distribution  excursion: peatlands • Services • Condition • Drivers of change • conclusions

  2. Inland Water Systems IWS are: All inland aquatic habitats, whether fresh, brackish or saline, as well as inland seas • Lakes • Rivers • marshes • Swamps • Floodplains • Small streams • Ponds • Cave waters also rice-fields, aquaculture ponds, reservoirs

  3. Special attributes of IWS • Variety in time and extent difficult to assess • Biggest species-richness compared to Marine and terrestrial ecosystems • Maybe worst threatened of all systems in MA • IWS are affected by- but also influence climate change feedback • Multiple services from healthy IWS intensive use

  4. Source: http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclesummarytext.html

  5. Area 530 million to 1280 million hectares • 2.6% of earth´s surface ; 8.5% of landsurface covered by IWS

  6. Global distribution

  7. global peatlands

  8. peatlands • Peat: organic material which is acumulated but not decomposed due to anoxic conditions in swamps/ marshes • Peatlands cover 400 million hectares

  9. Source:http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17423Source:http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17423

  10. peatlands • Carbon-accumulation of intact peatlands Feedback with climate

  11. Services • Hydrologic regulation

  12. Services • Hydrologic regulation • Sediment retention and water purification

  13. Services • Hydrologic regulation • Sediment retention and water purification • Recharge/ discharge of groundwater

  14. Services • Hydrologic regulation • Sediment retention and water purification • Recharge/ discharge of groundwater • Climate-change mitigation

  15. Services • Hydrologic regulation • Sediment retention and water purification • Recharge/ discharge of groundwater • Climate-change mitigation • Products from IWS

  16. Services • Hydrologic regulation • Sediment retention and water purification • Recharge/ discharge of groundwater • Climate-change mitigation • Products from IWS • Recreation and tourism

  17. Services • Hydrologic regulation • Sediment retention and water purification • Recharge/ discharge of groundwater • Climate-change mitigation • Products from IWS • Recreation and tourism • Cultural value

  18. Condition of IWS • Agricultural drainage: 56-65% of IWS suitable for agriculture • Wetland-loss: 50% during 20eth century (speculation) • Status of IWS species: dramatic

  19. Table 20.5. Relative Species Richness of Different Ecosystems (McAllister et al. 1997) Ecosystems Freshwater Marine Terrestrial Habitat Extent 0.870.828.4 (percent of world) Species Diversity 2.4 14.7 77.5 (percent of known species) Relative Species 3.0 0.2 2.7 Richness source: Millenium ecosystem Assessment chapter 20

  20. Drivers of change Indirect drivers: • Expansion of population, welfare Direct drivers: • Physical change, hydrologic modification

  21. hydrologic modification DAMS: • 700% increase in water stored in river-systems • immense change of flowing-patterns • impact on sediment-transport and waste-processing capacity (residence time doubled/ tripled) • impact on fish-migration • floodplains alterated

  22. Drivers of change Indirect drivers: • Expanding of population, welfare Direct drivers: • Physical change • hydrologic modification • Invasive species

  23. Drivers of change Indirect drivers: • Expanding of population, welfare Direct drivers: • Physical change • hydrologic modification • Invasive species • Fisheries/ harvesting

  24. Drivers of change Indirect drivers: • Expanding of population, welfare Direct drivers: • Physical change • hydrologic modification • Invasive species • Fisheries/ harvesting • Water pollution and eutrophication

  25. Drivers of change Indirect drivers: • Expanding of population, welfare Direct drivers: • Physical change • hydrologic modification • Invasive species • Fisheries/ harvesting • Water pollution and eutrophication • Climate change

  26. conclusions • Deep examination often reveals: greater economic benefits from intact IWS than of those beeing converted (holistic approach) essential to consider information about full range of benefits • Special agreements needed due to connectivity of IWS (linkage between countries) • People who benefit most from intact IWS are local residents, especially poor people Use of local knowledge and consideration of local people required

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