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FOUNDATIONS OF MODERNISM : REVIEW. Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (French, 1780 – 1867) La Grande Odalisque , 1814, oil on canvas , 91 × 162 cm . . The Valpincon Bather , 1808, Oil on canvas , 146 cm × 97 cm. Some key Enlightenment ideas included:
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FOUNDATIONS OF MODERNISM: REVIEW Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (French, 1780 – 1867) La Grande Odalisque, 1814, oil on canvas , 91 × 162 cm . The Valpincon Bather, 1808, Oil on canvas , 146 cm × 97 cm
Some key Enlightenment ideas included: • Faith in Science rather than superstition; • Increase in scientific discoveries; • The importance of truth and authenticity; • The importance of the rational over the emotional; • The idea of Democracy (people voting on how they want their country to be run, rather than a king or emperor telling them what to do.) • Love of the sophisticated Classical cultures of Rome and Greece. The Modern era (“Modernity”) could be said to have started around the 18thCentury. This period is known as The Enlightenment era (aka The Age of Reason) Enlightenment ideas themselves have earlier roots in the Renaissance (14th century.) Denis Diderot (French 1713 – 1784) Map of human muscles, Enclycopedia, mid 1700s
Another Neoclassicist… Jaques-Louis David (French,1748 – 1825) The oath of the Horatii, 1784, oil on canvas, 326 x 420cm Jacques-Louis David ( French,1748-1825) Death of Marat, 1793,oil on canvas,165 × 128 cm.
THE ACADEMY…………important Art Institutions in France, England and Italy. These places taught art and exhibited art, and were regarded as the centre of knowledge about what art wasHot and what was Not. They were meeting places for patrons, critics, artists. If you wanted to be accepted, you needed the Academy. The Salon, the annual Exhibition held by the Academy of Painting and Sculpture in Paris during 18th / 19th centuries. Note the way the paintings were hung, right up high on the walls. All artists wanted to be hung at the Salon.
Faster, faster…. • The closer we get to the present day, the faster the pace of change is. • Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. • Railroads;Steamships; • Photography, then film at beginning 20th century; • New forms of steel manufacture allowed new building methods. • Discovery of electricity in 19th cent • Communication across the world by telegraph during the 19thcentury • Changes in the way people worked; where they lived; how long they lived. Fox Talbot: Nelson’s column under construction, 1844.
Realist art: a search for authenticity and a new kind of truth. Gustave Courbet (French 1819-1877), A Burial at Ornans, 1849-50, oil on canvas, 315 x 668 cm Honore Daumier (French, 1808 – 1879) The Laundress, 1863(?) oil on wood, 49 x 33cm
Eduard Manet (French 1832-1883) Olympia, 1863, oil on canvas, 131 cm × 190 cm) Manet – a realist and hugely influential on The Impressionist painters and many others. Manet, Déjeunersurl'herbe, (Luncheon on the Grass) (previously called La Bain – The Bath) 1862-3, oil on canvas, 208 cm × 266 cm
Edgar Degas (French, 1834–1917)At the Races in the Countryside, 1869, oil on canvas, 37 x 56 cm Degas was associated with the Impressionists and exhibited with them but did not use the term himself and preferred ‘Realist’ painter. Influenced by Manet. Edgar Degas (French, 1834–1917) Waiting,c. 1882, pastel on paper, 43 x 60cm.
