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Global Trading at SSgA. Portfolio managers and traders work together to implement our ideas and grow wealth. Global trading network Three regional trading desks 20 trading professionals; 24 hour trading 4000+ trade tickets per day on average
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Global Trading at SSgA Portfolio managers and traders work together to implement our ideas and grow wealth • Global trading network • Three regional trading desks • 20 trading professionals; 24 hour trading • 4000+ trade tickets per day on average • Seek all sources of liquidity to minimize transactions costs • Internal/external crossing • Futures, EFPs, Swaps • Agency and principal trades • Regular execution analysis $240 billion in equity transactions - 2005 Global Trading Group London Boston Hong Kong
Displayed • Limit orders in NYSE Limit orders in ECN electronic limit order books The ‘core’ challenge facing all buyside traders Only a small faction liquidity is displayed How do we get efficient access to non displayed liquidity? • Non-displayed at market venue • NYSE floor brokers • ECN “reserve” (non-displayed) orders • Non-displayed at broker-dealers • Agency orders held by program/cash trading desks • Non-displayed dealer liquidity Exchange Floor Broker Broker Dealer • Non-displayed at investors • Orders at buy-side desks • “Latent” liquidity Investor
Many execution choices available… SSgA Trading utilizes all execution venues Algorithmic Trading Direct market access (DMA) Portfolio trading Single-stock trading • VWAP • Implementation Shortfall • Participation • Small-order spread-capture (SPI) • Broker-sponsored (Triton) • ECNs (e.g. INET) • Crossing networks (e.g. Liquidnet) • Agency • Capital request • Agency • Capital request High touch Low touch Portfolio trading, algorithmic trading and DMA may overlap: e.g. portfolio trades may execute algorithmically through DMA
How to choose? • Direct costs are a small component of trading costs • Commissions • Trade impact • Opportunity cost of slow executions • Opportunity cost of missed trades • Should not choose low touch over high touch based on commissions alone! Indirect costs Indirect costs are 89% of total trading costs [bps] Plexus “Iceberg” trading cost estimates1 49% Commissions are 11% of total trading costs 22% 77 bps 18% 34 bps 29 bps 17 bps 1. Trading cost estimates as defined by Plexus, e.g. trade impact: execution price compared to price when buy side sends order to executing venue. Source: Wayne Wagner ( Plexus), testimony to House Financial Services Committee, 3/12/03.
Commissions Indirect costs Shifting trades from high to low-touch • Shifting the wrong trade • Increase in indirect costs outweighs reduction in commissions [bps] Increase in indirect costs Reduction in commissions • Shifting the right trade • Little change (or even reduction) in indirect costs, reduction in commissions [bps] No change in indirect costs Reduction in commissions Hypothetical examples
Algorithmic Trade Spectrum Each investment strategy requires a custom solution Market Impact Information Content / Alpha Passive Enhanced Active Hedge Fund
So far so good… Key observations on commission levels and total transaction costs • Commission levels continue to decline • Increased use of ‘low touch’ offerings • Direct Market Access and Algorithmic Trading • Transaction costs continue to decline • Proprietary t-cost measurement • External third party analysis Optimal mix of low and high touch continues to be a challenge.