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Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Section 9-3. Aqueous Solutions. An aqueous solution contains one or more dissolved substances (called solutes ) in water. The solvent is the most plentiful substance in a solution. Aqueous Solutions (cont.).

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Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

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  1. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Section 9-3

  2. Aqueous Solutions • An aqueous solutioncontains one or more dissolved substances (called solutes) in water. • The solvent is the most plentiful substance in a solution.

  3. Aqueous Solutions (cont.) • Water is always the solvent in an aqueous solution. • There are many possible solutes—sugar and alcohol are molecular compounds that exist as molecules in aqueous solutions. • Compounds that produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions are acids.

  4. Types of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions • When two solutions that contain ions as solutes are combined, the ions might react. • If they react, it is always a double replacement reaction. • Three products can form: precipitates, water, or gases.

  5. Types of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions (cont.) • Aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide and copper(II) chloride react to form the precipitate copper(II) hydroxide. • 2NaOH(aq) + CuCl2(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s) • Ionic equations that show all of the particles in a solution as they actually exist are called complete ionic equations. • 2Na+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) + Cu2+ (aq)+ 2Cl–(aq) → 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)

  6. Types of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions (cont.) • Ions that do not participate in a reaction are called spectator ionsand are not usually written in ionic equations. • Formulas that include only the particles that participate in reactions are called net ionic equations. • 2OH–(aq) + Cu2+(aq) → Cu(OH)2(s)

  7. Types of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions (cont.) • Practice Problems: p. 302 (#35, 36)

  8. Types of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions (cont.) • Some reactions produce more water molecules. • No evidence of a chemical reaction is observable. • HBr(aq) + NaOH(aq) → H2O(l) + NaBr(aq) • Without spectator ions H+(aq) + OH–(aq) → H2O(l).

  9. Types of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions (cont.) • Practice Problems: p. 304 (#40)

  10. Types of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions (cont.) • Gases that are commonly produced are carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, and hydrogen sulfide. • 2HI(aq) + Li2S(aq) → H2S(g) + 2LiI(aq)

  11. Types of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions (cont.) • Another example is mixing vinegar and baking soda, which produces carbon dioxide gas. • HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) → H2CO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) • H2CO3(aq) decomposes immediately. • H2CO3(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g)

  12. Types of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions (cont.) • Two reactions can be combined and represented by a single chemical reaction.

  13. Types of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions (cont.) Reaction 1 HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) → H2CO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) Reaction 2 H2CO3(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g) Combined equation HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) + H2CO3(aq) → H2CO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Overall equation HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g) + NaCl(aq)

  14. Types of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions (cont.) • Practice Problems: p. 306 (#45)

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