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Title. Nuclear Reaction Models in P article and H eavy I on T ransport code S ystem PHITS. Koji Niita: RIST, Japan Tatsuhiko Sato, JAEA, Japan Hiroshi Iwase: KEK, Japan Yousuke Iwamoto, Norihito Matsuda, Yukio Sakamoto, Hiroshi Nakashima: JAEA, Japan

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  1. Title Nuclear Reaction Models in Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System PHITS Koji Niita:RIST, Japan Tatsuhiko Sato, JAEA, Japan Hiroshi Iwase: KEK, Japan Yousuke Iwamoto, Norihito Matsuda, Yukio Sakamoto, Hiroshi Nakashima: JAEA, Japan Davide Mancusi, Lembit Sihver: Chalmers, Sweden

  2. contents Contents • Overview of PHITS • Application Fields of PHITS • Nuclear Reaction Models in PHITS • Event Generator

  3. PHITS: Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System PHITS(1) PHITS is a multi-purpose 3D Monte Carlo transport code system for all particles and Heavy ions with all energies from meV up to 200 GeV. 5 major codes for all particle transport in a world

  4. Application Fields of PHITS Application Fields of PHITS Accelerator Cancer Therapy Space Technology J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source Neutron Optics Heavy Ion Facilities Dose in Space Shuttle Atmospheric Cosmic-Ray BNCT Proton and Heavy Ion Therapy

  5. Be reflector Energy Deposition Fe reflector Hg target Moderators PHITSfor spallation neutron source in J-PARC Spallation (2) PHITS has been extensively used for Optimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC

  6. RIKEN RI Beam Factory GSI FAIR : Super-FRS facility RIA Beam production area PHITSfor High Intensity Heavy Ion facilities

  7. RIA Beam production area 48Ca beam track Heating in whole system Beam stop 22C track 4He track Target

  8. PHITSfor Shielding of Proton and Carbon Therapy Facilities 3D view by PHITS Dose distribution

  9. Voxel data 3D view by PHITS Dose distribution CT data PHITSfor planning system for radiotherapy BNCT JCDS (Jaeri Computational Dosimetry System) creates the Voxel data from CT and MRI data for MCNP ( PHITS ) calculation. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy at Dept. Research Reactor, JAEA

  10. PHITSfor neutron spectrum in atmosphere Space Radiation T. Sato and K. Niita, Radiat. Res.,166 (2006) 544 Galactic Cosmic Ray Neutron spectrum in any height of atmosphere even at ground level dose map on ground level http//www3.tokai-sc.jaea.go.jp/rphpwww/radiation-protection/expacs/expacs.html

  11. Physical Processes included inPHITS Physical Processes Magnetic Field Gravity Super mirror (reflection) Mechanical devices, T0 chopper External Field and Optical devices Ionization process for charge particle Transport between collisions Collisions with nucleus SPAR, ATIMA code Energy straggling Angle Straggling Nuclear Data MCNP code ENDF-B/VI, LA150, ….. Particle Induced JAM code Collisions Heavy Ion Collisions JQMD code Nuclear Reaction Models

  12. JAM code for Hadron Nucleus Collisions up to 200 GeV JAM Introducing JAM(Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model) Y. Nara et.al. Phys. Rev.C61 (2000) 024901 JAM is a Hadronic Cascade Model, which explicitly treats all established hadronic states including resonances with explicit spin and isospin as well as their anti-particles. We have parameterized all Hadron-Hadron Cross Sections, based on Resonance Model and String Model by fitting the available experimental data. Au+Au 200GeV/u in cm

  13. JQMD code for Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions up to 100 GeV/u JQMD-1 JQMD(Jaeri Quantum Molecular Dynamics) forSimulation of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions K. Niiita et.al. Phys. Rev. C52 (1995) 2620http://hadron31.tokai-sc.jaea.go.jp/jqmd/ 56Fe 800 MeV/u on 208Pb Analysis of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions by JQMD

  14. MCNP code for Neutron Transport below 20 MeV with Nuclear Data MCNP Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code System developed by Los Alamos National Lab. for Neutrons, Photons, Electrons by using Evaluated Nuclear Data, such as ENDF, JENDL, … Applications: Nuclear Criticality Safety, Radiation Shielding, Fission Reactor Design, … n-56Fe Reaction Cross Sections

  15. Solving one-body Boltzmann equation by using the evaluated nuclear data. • MCNP type code energy is conserved in average. no correlations Only one-body observables • Simulating real phenomena by using event generators. Event Generator • PHITS for high energy by JAM, JQMD. Any observables treat all ejectiles of collisions. energy and momentum are conserved in each collision. Event Generator inPHITS New Feature (1) What are we doing in Monte Carlo calculations for particle transport ? Observables beyond one-body quantities are often required. We have developed the event generator mode in PHITS for all energy.

  16. An example of Event Generator Mode Event Generator Mode (2) Neutron-induced semiconductor soft error SEU: single event upset Deposit Energy Distribution by PHITS Leakage of recoil nucleus from Si Neutron 19 MeV Kerma Si

  17. Conclusions Conclusions • Particle and heavy ion transport code (PHITS) is an essential implement in design study of accelerator facilities for various purpose, in planning system for radiotherapy, and in space radiation. • Description of nuclear reactions in the code is one of the key quantity to determine the accuracy of the transport code. • Tow reaction models: JAM and JQMD and Nuclear data are employed in PHITS to describe the nuclear reactions. • Event generator combined with the nuclear reaction model and the nuclear data is necessary to describe new quantities which are related to the higher order correlations beyond one-body observables.

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