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National Monuments. Sibelius. Jean Sibelius ( 1865–1957 ) Kalevala (Land of Heroes) Elias Lönnrot , 1835 Kullervo , Op. 7 (1891) Four Legends from the Kalevala , Op. 22 ( 1893–95 ) The Swan of Tuonela [Anthology 3-16]. England. Hubert Parry ( 1848–1918 )
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Sibelius • Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) • Kalevala (Land of Heroes) • Elias Lönnrot, 1835 • Kullervo, Op. 7 (1891) • Four Legends from the Kalevala, Op. 22 (1893–95) • The Swan of Tuonela[Anthology 3-16]
England • Hubert Parry (1848–1918) • Charles Villiers Stanford (1854–1924) • Edward Elgar (1857–1934) • Variations on an Original Theme “Enigma Variations”
England • Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872–1958) • Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis(1910) [Anthology 3-17] • A Sea Symphony (1903–09) • A London Symphony (1911–13) • A Pastoral Symphony (1922)
Spain • Manuel de Falla (1876–1946) • La vidabreve (1905) • cantejondo(deep song) • El Sombrero de TresPicos(1919) • zarzuela • Nights in the Gardens of Spain (1909–16)
Folk and Modernist Synthesis • BélaBartók (1881–1945) • Early influence of Richard Strauss • Kossuth (1903)
Folk and Modernist Synthesis • BélaBartók (1881–1945) • ZoltánKodály (1882–1967) • Ethnomusicology • Style hongrois • Magyar nóta– sung Hungarian-style tunes • Verbunkos– Hungarian-style instrumental dance music
Folk Ways • “Peasant music” and “modern music” • “A third way” • 14 Bagatelles for piano, Op. 6 (1908) • Bagatelle No. 4 [Anthology 3-18] • Dance Suite (1923) [Anthology 3-19]
Szymanowski and Enescu • Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937) • First Violin Concerto (1916) • Third Symphony (1914–16) • Krol Roger (1920–24) • Stabat Mater (1925–26) • George Enescu (1881–1955) • Oedipe(1936) • Romanian Rhapsodies, Op. 11
The Oldest Modernist:LeošJanáček • LeošJanáček (1854–1928) • Jenůfa(1904) • Five additional opera • Slavonic Liturgy, Glagolskámše(1926) • Song cycle, Zápisníkzmizelého • Orchestral work, Sinfonietta
Speech-Tunelets • Influence of folk music and speech patterns and intonation • “Speech melodies” • Po zarostlémchodničku(On an Overgrown Path) [Anthology 3-20]
Scriabin:From Expression to Revelation • Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915) • Theosophy • Petrovna Blavatsky (1831–91)
Scriabin:From Expression to Revelation • Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915) • Fifth Symphony, Op. 60 Prométhée, le poème de feu(Prometheus, the Poem of Fire, 1908–10) • “mystic chord” • Vers la flammeOp. 72 (Towards the Flame, 1914) [Anthology 3-21]
Mysterium and the Ultimate Aggregate Harmonies • Unfinished work • Communal creation, combination of all artistic media • Aggregate harmonies: “ultimate” chords each containing all twelve pitches
Charles Ives (1874–1954) • Transcendentalism • Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–82) • Henry David Thoreau (1817–62) • self-reliance
Charles Ives (1874–1954) • Born in Danbury, Connecticut • Church organist • Studied at Yale with Horatio Parker (1863–1919) • The Celestial Country (1902) • Insurance salesman
Terms of Reception • 1920: Privately published Second Piano Sonata Concord, Mass., 1840–60 • Essays before a Sonata • 1st public performance 1939, John Kirkpatrick • “greatest music composed by an American”
Terms of Reception • 1922: Privately published 114 Songs • Other works published in Cowell’sNew Music Quarterly
“Manner” and “Substance”:The Concord Sonata • Second Piano Sonata, Concord, Mass., 1840–60 [Anthology 3-22] • 1. Emerson • 2. Hawthorne • 3. The Alcotts • 4. Thoreau • Motive from Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony • other quotations
Nostalgia • Three Places in New England [Anthology 3-23] • “Putman’s Camp” • “scherzoids” • allusions to popular American tunes