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Light Spectrum

Light Spectrum. EM wave : coupled, changing electric and magnetic field that travels through space EM radiation : energy that is carried, or radiated, in the form of EM waves EM spectrum : the entire range of frequencies and wavelengths that make up all forms of EM radiation

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Light Spectrum

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  1. Light Spectrum

  2. EM wave: coupled, changing electric and magnetic field that travels through space EM radiation: energy that is carried, or radiated, in the form of EM waves EM spectrum: the entire range of frequencies and wavelengths that make up all forms of EM radiation Ex: radio waves, microwaves, visible waves, and x-rays Remember when we said that light travels as electromagnetic waves? Well, what is an electromagnetic wave?

  3. The Electromagnetic Spectrum

  4. The EMS are transverse waves that carry both magnetic and electric energy. Each type of EMW is defined by its wavelength. Wavelengths range from 104 m (10,000 m) to 10-15 m (0.00000000000001 m). The Electromagnetic Spectrum

  5. Radio waves come in three types: Frequency modulation (FM), amplitude modulation (AM), and then there are the lowest frequencies, which are used by two way radios, etc. Radio/TV Waves

  6. Radio Waves and Electromagnetic Fields Simulation

  7. The part of the spectrum that we can see is called visible light. It is the smallest portion of the spectrum. Visible Light

  8. c = speed of light in a vacuum = 2.9979 x 108 m/s = 3.0 x 108 m/s

  9. v = lf c = lf

  10. White Light and Color

  11. Newton’s Light Experiment So, Newton figured out that white light is composite (made up of other colors)…but how did he do it?

  12. Not just one prism…

  13. But TWO!

  14. Each color in the spectrum is associated with a wavelength

  15. PRIMARY COLORS The colors, that when added together, form white light (Red, Blue, Green)

  16. ADDITIVE COLOR PROCESS red + blue + green = white

  17. SECONDARY COLORS The colors, that are formed when two primary colors are added together (yellow, cyan, magenta)

  18. SECONDARY COLORS

  19. What does it really mean to see color?

  20. Ray Model

  21. Reflection from Smooth and Rough Surfaces

  22. Reflection

  23. Problem

  24. Refraction

  25. An Analogy for Refraction

  26. The Basic Mechanism of Refraction

  27. SNELL’S LAW

  28. SNELL’S LAW

  29. Indices of Refraction

  30. 40 = 26 1 sin n sin r Example in notes… A beam of light of wavelength 550 nm traveling in air is incident on a slab of transparent material. The incident beam makes an angle of 40.0 with the normal, and the refracted beam makes an angle of 26.0 with the normal. Find the index of refraction of the material.

  31. If there is no change in index of refraction the light is not deflected. Refraction Summary • As light goes from a low n to a high n it is bent toward the normal. The greater the difference the greater the deflection. • As light goes from a high n to a low n it is bent away from the normal. The greater the difference the greater the deflection. • If the light is incident on the surface of the material along a normal path, there is no deflection.

  32. Dispersion

  33. Index of Refraction Revisited

  34. Dispersion in a Raindrop

  35. Figure 26-38How Rainbows Are Produced

  36. Total Internal Reflection

  37. sinθc=n2/n1 Try the one in your notes… Critical Angle Equation

  38. How We See Objects P P′ P

  39. Locating a Mirror Image

  40. Spherical Mirrors

  41. Concave and Convex Mirrors

  42. Real images are formed by converging light rays. Virtual images are formed by diverging light rays. Real vs. Virtual

  43. Principal Rays Used in Ray Tracing for a Concave Mirror

  44. Image Formation with a Concave Mirror

  45. Inside the Focal Point

  46. Principal Rays Used in Ray Tracing for a Convex Mirror

  47. Image Formation with a Convex Mirror

  48. Refraction and the “Bent” Pencil

  49. How is the ray deflected?

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