Literature Review

1. Literature Review

2. Literature Review • “look again" (re + view) at what others have done • describes theoretical per­spectives and previous research findings regarding the problem

3. Purpose of Literature Review • offer new ideas, perspectives, and approaches • Help to know researchers who worked in your research area for advice or contact • Inform methodological and design issues used by others • Indicate sources of data which are not known to you

4. Cont’d • introduce you with measurement tools dealing with problem situations • Help to link your finding with others • Bolster your confidence as others valued as important research problem • Help to develop your argumentation and analytical skills

5. Sources for Literature Review • Internet websites. You find more than 76 billion articles on Internet. • Not recommended to use books but only for elaboration purpose • Libraries which contains collection of different literatures • References of articles being reviewed • Indexes and abstracts. • bibliographic index.

6. Searching Materials for LR • Recommended to use the last Five years, if old last Ten years journal publications, • Be systematic and thorough “Make haste slowly” . Don’t rush • Focus only on literatures that are related to your research problem. Don’t put too many lists, many which are not important • Read 1st . title – Abstract- 2nd . Introduction and conclusion 3rd. the whole paper

7. Organization of Literature Review • Identify Keywords of your research topics • Design Literature Map • Organize your literatures by literature map • Summarize the most relevant articles • Include precise reference

8. Literature Review Organization • Organize topics SW usability Ease of use usefulness Organizational support Training Organization strategy troubleshooting

9. Writing a Literature Review • Start from comprehensive perspective, like an inverted pyramid--broad end first • Emphasize relatedness. • Keep your reader constantly aware of how the literature you are discussing is related to your problem

10. Writing … • Literature reviews should never be a chain ofisolated summaries – Kebede says …. Gebre says …, etc • Should be written as story about one phenomena • Discuss by time trends • Discuss by concepts • Look for missing that create understanding challenge • Raise conflicting issues because of … • Wind up by indicating what is missing in the story of the phenomena

11. Literature Review conclusion • Show deficiency • Is there missing variables • Previous studies did not see this variable • Missing population groups • Previous study did not address this software type • Replication of the study to a new context • Software usability study was not made in Ethiopian context • Can get research gap from previous journal articles

12. Summary • Ensures that you are not "reinventing the wheel". • Gives credits to those who have laid the groundwork for your research. • Demonstrates your knowledge of the research problem. • Demonstrates your understanding of the theoretical and research issues related to your research question. • Shows your ability to critically evaluate relevant literature information.

13. Cont’d • Indicates your ability to integrate and synthesize the existing literature. • Provides new theoretical insights or develops a new model as the conceptual framework for your research. • Convinces your reader that your proposed research will make a significant and substantial contribution to the literature (i.e., resolving an important theoretical issue or filling a major gap in the literature).

14. Problems with Students • Lacking organization and structure • Lacking focus, unity and coherence • Being repetitive and verbose • Failing to cite influential papers • Failing to keep up with recent developments • Failing to critically evaluate cited papers • Citing irrelevant or trivial references

15. Review questions • Select on Internet how literature review is conducted • Pick an article and evaluate its literature review sections • What patterns used – time or conceptual criteria • Search on Internet and read examples what paraphrasing means? • When do you plagiarism? Why? • What was they gap they identified? Why it is gap?