Exploring Poetry: Figurative Language & Sound Techniques

1. Introduction to Poetry

2. Denotation Connotation • Dictionary or literal meaning • Example: It’s raining cats and dogs • If you look outside, cats and dogs are falling from the sky. • Implied, interpreted, or suggested meaning • It is raining really hard outside.

3. Figurative Language • Metaphor • Direct Metaphor • Implied MetaphorSimile • Simile • Personification

4. Why is Figurative LanguageSignificant in Poetry? • Symbolism • Concise Language • Makes Language Livelier • Writers Use Them Without Stating Obvious • Gives Words New Meaning

5. What Is A Metaphor? You’re Ice cold Light of My Life Winds of Change Love is Blind Rolling in Dough I Smell a Rat Apple of my eye Let the Cat Out of the Bag Heart of stone The Sweet Smell of Success The World Is a Stage… Bite the Bullet

6. True Definition of Metaphors • Makes Comparisons Between Two Unrelated Subjects • Expands the Sense and Clarifies Meaning

7. Metaphor • Direct Metaphor • Comparing two unlike objects or ideas • My love is a rose

8. Metaphor, Continued • Indirect metaphor • - An indirect comparison between two unlike things. • “My love has a rosy bloom”

9. Simile • A comparison using like or as • “Life is like a box of chocolates”

10. Personification • Giving human qualities to an inanimate object • “The moon smiled down on the lovers”

11. Sound Techniques • Rhyme Scheme • Alliteration • Onomatopoeia

12. Rhyme Scheme • Heavy is my heart, ADark are thine eyes BThou and I must part AEre the sun rise B

13. Rhyme Scheme- The pattern in which end rhyme occurs • Example: Continuous as the stars that shine (A) And twinkle on the milky way, (B) They stretched in never-ending line (A)Along the margin of a bay: (B)Ten thousand saw I at a glance, (C) Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. (C)

14. Alliteration Repetition of the initial consonant sound • “She sells seashells at the sea shore”

15. ALLITERATION • Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of words • If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

16. Onomatopoeia • A word whose sound imitates its meaning

17. More onomatopoeia • “The bee buzzed by my ear “ • “The clock ticked down the final hour” • “The engine purred while awaiting the green light”

18. Stanza • •A unit of lines grouped together • • •Similar to a paragraph in prose

19. Couplet- •A stanza consisting of two lines that rhyme • Quatrain - •A stanza consisting of four lines

20. Mood- the feeling a poem creates for the reader • Tone - the attitude a poet takes toward his/her subject

21. Imagery • •Representation of the five senses: sight, taste, touch, sound, and smell • •Creates mental images about a poem’s subject • • Example: “Continuous as the stars that shine and twinkle on the milky way”

22. Symbol • •A word or object that has its own meaning and represents another word, object or idea • • • Example: The daffodils represent happiness and pleasure to the author.

23. Assonance • •The repetition of a vowel sound in two or more words in the line of a poem • • • Example: “Which is the bliss of solitude”

24. Pronunciation Key for Vowels Ä = (Short a) Ë = (Short e) Ï = (Short i) Ö = (Short o) Ü = (Short u) Ā = (Long a) Ē = (Long e) Ī = (Long i) Ō = (Long o) Ū = (Long u)

25. ASSONANCE • Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry. • (Often creates near rhyme.) • Lake Fate Base Fade • (All share the long “a” sound.)

26. ASSONANCE cont. Examples of ASSONANCE: “Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.” • John Masefield “Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.” - William Shakespeare

27. CONSONANCE • Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . . • The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words • “silken,sad, uncertain, rustling . . “

28. Refrain • •The repetition of one or more phrases or lines at certain intervals, usually at the end of each stanza •Similar to the chorus in a song

29. Repetition • •A word or phrase repeated within a line or stanza • • • Example: “gazed and gazed”

30. POETRY

31. POETRY • A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas)

32. POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY POET • The poet is the author of the poem. SPEAKER • The speaker of the poem is the “narrator” of the poem.

33. POETRY FORM • FORM - the appearance of the words on the page • LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem • STANZA - a group of lines arranged together • A word is dead • When it is said, • Some say. • I say it just • Begins to live • That day.

34. FREE VERSE POETRY • Does NOT have rhyme. • Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you. • A more modern type of poetry.

35. BLANK VERSE POETRY • Written in lines of iambic pentameter, but does NOT use end rhyme. from Julius Ceasar Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once. Of all the wonders that I yet have heard, It seems to me most strange that men should fear; Seeing that death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come.

36. RHYME • Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds. • (A word always rhymes with itself.) • LAMP • STAMP • Share the short “a” vowel sound • Share the combined “mp” consonant sound

37. END RHYME • A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line • Hector the Collector • Collected bits of string. • Collected dolls with broken heads • And rusty bells that would not ring.

38. INTERNAL RHYME • A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line. • Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary. • From “The Raven” • by Edgar Allan Poe

39. SLANT RHYME • a.k.a imperfect rhyme, close rhyme • The words share EITHER the same vowel or consonant sound BUT NOT BOTH • ROSE • LOSE • Different vowel sounds (long “o” and “oo” sound) • Share the same consonant sound

40. Slant Rhyme • Said; read • Led; need

41. SOME TYPES OF POETRYWE WILL BE STUDYING

42. LYRIC • A short poem • Usually written in first person point of view • Expresses an emotion or an idea or describes a scene • Do not tell a story and are often musical • (Many of the poems we read will be lyrics.)

43. HAIKU A Japanese poem written in three lines Five Syllables Seven Syllables Five Syllables An old silent pond . . . A frog jumps into the pond. Splash! Silence again.

44. CINQUAIN A five line poem containing 22 syllables Two Syllables Four Syllables Six Syllables Eight Syllables Two Syllables How frail Above the bulk Of crashing water hangs Autumnal, evanescent, wan The moon.

45. SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme scheme. The poem is written in three quatrains and ends with a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg

46. NARRATIVE POEMS • A poem that tells a story. • Generally longer than the lyric styles of poetry b/c the poet needs to establish characters and a plot. Examples of Narrative Poems “The Raven” “The Highwayman” “Casey at the Bat” “The Walrus and the Carpenter”

47. CONCRETE POEMS • In concrete poems, the words are arranged to create a picture that relates to the content of the poem.

48. OTHERPOETIC DEVICES

49. Hyperbole • Exaggeration often used for emphasis.

50. Litotes • Understatement - basically the opposite of hyperbole. Often it is ironic. • Ex. Calling a slow moving person “Speedy”