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Chapter 14

Chapter 14. Fighting Diseases. Louis Pasteur in the 1860s discovered that the cause for most infectious diseases are microorganisms Experimented with silk worms and found microorganism inside the infected worms Joseph Lister

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 Fighting Diseases

  2. Louis Pasteur in the 1860s discovered that the cause for most infectious diseases are microorganisms • Experimented with silk worms and found microorganism inside the infected worms • Joseph Lister • Experimented with washing hands, instruments and bandaging wounds with carbonic acid before and after surgery; deaths decreased by 30%. History of Diseases

  3. Robert Koch, in the 1870s and 1880s, discovered that different diseases are caused by different pathogens • Infected mice with anthrax and discovered that it was the same pathogen in all mice infected History-continued

  4. Viruses: nonliving; tiny; can only reproduce inside living cells; cause many diseases including cold and flus • Bacteria: one celled microorganisms; damage cells directly or release toxins that damage cells; cause ear infections, food poisoning, and tetanus • Protists: once celled microorganisms that are larger that bacteria; cause malaria, African sleeping sickness and hiker’s disease Disease Causing Pathogens

  5. Fungi: caused by molds and yeasts; one-celled or multi-celled; grow best in warm, dark, moist areas; examples include Athlete’s foot and ring worm • Parasites: needs a host to live on or in and causes harm to host; multi-cellular; examples include tapeworms, roundworms, fleas, mites, and mosquitos Disease Causing Pathogens-cont’d

  6. First Line of Defense: Skin; Breathing passages that have hair, mucus and cilia & Mouth and Stomach (stomach acids and saliva) • Second Line of Defense: Inflammatory Response; it is a general response that includes fever, inflammation and white blood cells. • Third Line of Defense: Immune Response; controlled by the immune system; specific to the invading pathogen; fights pathogens with T cells and B cells Body’s Defenses

  7. Active Immunity: Actually getting the disease or the vaccination; lasts for life or many years • Inactive Immunity: When you use antibiotics to fight off pathogens; last no more than a few months. Becoming Immune to Pathogens

  8. Bacterial: caused by bacteria; can be fought off with antibiotics; antibiotics kill bacteria or slows their growth with harming the body cells; made naturally from bacteria and fungi, also made in factories • Viral: nonliving; cannot be fought with antibiotics; only cure is rest and drinking plenty of fluids Types of Infectious Diseases

  9. Transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids (blood, semen) • HIV is a virus that attacks and destroys T-cells • HIV eventually makes the immune system vulnerable to attack by AIDS. • There is no cure for HIV/AIDs. • People that contract this disease often die because of it. HIV/AIDS

  10. Can be caused by environmental factors or heredity (passed on by parents) • Inherited diseases include cystic fibrosis, a diseases that affects the respiratory and digestive system • Environmental diseases include: allergies, asthma, diabetes and cancer. Non-Infectious Diseases

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