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PATHOLOGY 1 ST PRACTICAL EXAM PART 2

PATHOLOGY 1 ST PRACTICAL EXAM PART 2. Please do read your manuals. Don’t solely rely on this reviewer. There are other questions in the manual that I did not include in the slides. THANK YOU FAISAL FOR MOST OF THE PICTURES. FLUID AND HEMODYNAMICS. ACUTE APPENDICITIS.

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PATHOLOGY 1 ST PRACTICAL EXAM PART 2

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  1. PATHOLOGY 1ST PRACTICAL EXAM PART 2 Please do read your manuals. Don’t solely rely on this reviewer. There are other questions in the manual that I did not include in the slides. THANK YOU FAISAL FOR MOST OF THE PICTURES.

  2. FLUID AND HEMODYNAMICS

  3. ACUTE APPENDICITIS The presence of segmenters densely occupying the appendical wall Likewise there is necrosis of the mucosa NEUTROPHILIC infiltrates on the wall Blood vessels in the wall of the appendix have a dilated appearance with the lumen being more engorged with blood *ACTIVE HYPEREMIA – bright-red discoloration *PASSIVE HYPEREMIA – blue-red discoloration

  4. CPC, lung Alveolar septal wall is thickened; alveolar spaces contain numerous hemosiderin-laden macrophages (+) fibrosis, vascular congestion, thickening of alveoli Dark staining cells within the alveolar spaces: most likely due to the presence of macrophages that have taken up hemosiderin DSCN6531

  5. THROMBOSIS IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC ARTERY, coronary artery Narrowed lumen occluded by thrombus (attached to the endothelial wall) Damage to the endothelium exposes intimal collagen resulting in adherence and then aggregation of platelets atthe site of damage Lines of Zahn 2 kinds of thrombus: ARTERIAL – frequently occlusive, at sites of turbulence or injury, retrograde VENOUS – invariably occlusive, occurs at site of stasis, in direction of blood flow FATE OF THROMBUS: Propagation Embolization Dissolution Organization and recanalization

  6. INFARCT, spleen MICRO: Ischemic coagulativenecrosis Occluded vessel Infarct – dark red in color HISTO: Loss of architectural structure and form GROSS: Ischemic necrosis – occlusion of vascular supply; RED (hemorrhagic) and WHITE (pale) White – solid organs: limits number of hemorrhage Pale wedged shaped, sharply defined Triangular with the apex pointing to the vessel occluded and base, the periphery of the lesion DSCN6645

  7. genetics

  8. GAUCHER’S DISEASE, spleen Crumpled tissue paper appearance Accumulation of glucocerebrosides Pathogenesis: affected gene is the gene that encodes glucocerebrosidase, an enzyme that normally cleaves the glucose residue from ceramide

  9. Diseases of immunity

  10. ACUTE PROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS Hypercellularity of the Glomerulus Proliferation of endothelial cells -Thickening of capillary loops Type III (immune complex-mediated) hypersensitivity commonly caused by Streptococcal infection

  11. TB with CASEATION, lung (+) central caseous necrosis TYPE 4 delayed hypersensitivity HISTO: - atelectatic alveoli (collapsed) presence of epitheloid cells (arranged as Langerhan’s giant cell) which is rimmed by lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and plasma cells *Caseation necrosis is the pink-staining, granular, structureless material at the center of the lesion which contain foamy macrophages that are packed with Mycobacteria lungs_tb42

  12. LUPUS ERYTHEMATOUS, spleen Onion skinning -Periarteriolar fibrosis = “Onion skinning ” -thickening of capsule; prominence of red pulp LUPUS ERYTHEMATOUS, kidney Thickened capillary loops “chicken-wire” loop appearance (indicative of active SLE

  13. I did not include adenocarcinoma, bronchogenic ca, squamous cell ca of the cervix. I don’t have pictures of these slides. neoplasia

  14. LEIOMYOMA, uterus - Smooth muscle - Benign tumor - Pink wavy cytoplasm - well differentiated mass - Presence of bundles - The usual location is in the myometrium - Typical long spindle muscle cells arranged in intercalating bundles DSCN6652

  15. RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, intercapsular mass Malignant skeletal muscle tumor Cytoplasm: eccentric eosinophilic (+) thin and thick filaments Large hyperchromatic nuclei Pleomorphic Striations is NOT always needed in the diagnosis of this tumor DSCN6667

  16. OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA, bone -Malignant mesenchymal tumor -Spread in the medullary canal and replace the marrow surrounding the pre-existing bone trabeculae -Pink osteoid formation GROSS: -appears gritty and infiltrates cortex of bone -most common in long bones

  17. TUBULAR ADENOMA, rectum - Benign tumor of the glands Hyperchromatic nuclei in lining of the glands DSCN6656

  18. WILM’S TUMOR, kidney(demo slide) Malignant tumor in childhood Combination of blastemal, stromal, and epithelial cell elements are represented by abortive tubules or primitive glomeruli

  19. DERMOID CYST, ovary Cyst wall lined by stratified squamous epithelium; underneath are hair follicles and sebaceous glands GROSS: appears as unilocular cysts; contains hair, tooth structures, creamy-like material, and areas of calcification Teratoma – more than one neoplastic cell type derived from more than one germ layer DSCN6654

  20. END of PART 2 Sobranghabang reviewer naito.  Haaaysh. Good luck again with the practical exam and thesis proposal. 

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