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WELCOME

WELCOME. DATABASE SEARCHING http://www.hw.ac.uk/library/LifeSciences/lsinfoskills.htm#Advanced CITING & REFERENCING http://www.hw.ac.uk/library/LifeSciences/lsinfoskills.htm#organise&recordinfo. CONTENT. PRINCIPLES OF DATABASE SEARCHING CITING & REFERENCING WHY HOW

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WELCOME

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  1. WELCOME DATABASE SEARCHING http://www.hw.ac.uk/library/LifeSciences/lsinfoskills.htm#Advanced CITING & REFERENCING http://www.hw.ac.uk/library/LifeSciences/lsinfoskills.htm#organise&recordinfo

  2. CONTENT • PRINCIPLES OF DATABASE SEARCHING • CITING & REFERENCING • WHY • HOW • DEMO SEARCH (PSYCINFO – OVID ONLINE)

  3. BUILD A SEARCH STRATEGY • Clear research/essay question • Identify key CONCEPTS • Identify relevant resources • Identify KEYWORDS • Broad and narrow terms • Synonyms and alternative terms • Alternative spellings/plurals • AND, OR, NOT (combining) • Applying limits

  4. DEFINE TOPIC • Define the question you are asking - eg “Discuss the role of clinical psychology in recovery from depression after stroke.” • Identify main CONCEPTS • = KEYWORDS / SEARCH TERMS

  5. FIND RELEVANT SOURCES • Every database has a different subject SCOPE & COVERAGE • Some specialise in one subject area eg PSYCINFO • Some are MULTIDISCIPLINARY resources eg Web of Science

  6. FIND RELEVANT SOURCES • Library Website > Databases page http://www1.hw.ac.uk/library/electresa2z.php • How to Find Out Guide for Applied Psychology http://www.hw.ac.uk/library/LifeSciences/ lspsychol.htm • PsycINFO via • Ovid OnlineSubject Coverage: Sports science , psychology, social sciencesType: Bibliographic databaseFormat: NetworkedOn-Campus Access: ip Address (click on Connect)Off-Campus Access: ATHENS USERNAME AND PASSWORD REQUIRED[ Connect ] [ Information ]

  7. KEYWORDS “Discuss the role of clinical psychology in recovery from depression after stroke.” • DEPRESSION / CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY / STROKE • MAIN CONCEPTS • Provide SEARCH TERMS to use in the literature search

  8. IMPORTANCE OF KEYWORDS • Wrong keywords = wrong information • Too narrow = not enough information • Too broad = too much information

  9. BROAD/NARROW KEYWORDS • Distinguish broad and narrow terms – eg BEHAVIOURAL SYMPTOM / DEPRESSION / CLINICAL DEPRESSION Narrow terms fit inside broad terms Behavioural symptoms Depression Clinical depression Aggression

  10. ALTERNATIVE TERMS / WORD ROOTS / PLURALS • Alternative / related terms Stroke Cerebrovascular Accident / CVA / Apoplexy • American spellings Behaviour Behavior • Plurals Stroke/s Behaviour/s • Word roots Behav$ iour, iours, ioural,

  11. STRATEGY MAP • Good idea to note main CONCEPTS • with ALL KEYWORDS for each concept

  12. STROKE Cerebrovascular Accident CVA Apoplexy Strokes CVAs Narrower Term Brain Infarction Broader Term Brain Diseases CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Clinical Psychologist/s Narrower Term Clinical Neuropsychology Broader Term Psychology DEPRESSION Depressive – State/s Symptom/s Narrower Term Clinical Depression Broader Term Behavioural Symptoms STRATEGY MAP

  13. BUILDING BLOCK TECHNIQUE • Search for each concept • Combine concepts • AND, OR, NOT

  14. SET 1= STROKE SET 2= DEPRESSION AND INTERSECTION OR OR OR UNION NOT NOT EXCLUDING AND, OR, NOT

  15. STRATEGY MAP STROKE CLINCAL PSYCHOLOGY DEPRESSION Stroke/s OR Cerebrovascular Accidents OR CVA/s OR Apoplexy Clinical Psychology OR Clinical Psychologist/s Depression OR Depressive State/s OR Depressive Symptom/s AND AND

  16. APPLYING LIMITS • Date ranges • Publication type • Language

  17. ITERATIVE APPROACH • Seldom right first time • Expect to • Re-work • Modify • Try again • Modify each set of results until you find what you’re looking for • Very seldom you get exactly what you want first time!

  18. SUMMARY OF SEARCHING • Search strategy • Define topic • Identify main concepts = keywords • Find relevant database/s • Build up a vocabulary of keywords • Combining with AND, OR, NOT • Apply limits • Adopt an iterative approach

  19. MORE INFORMATION • DATABASE SEARCHING http://www.hw.ac.uk/library/LifeSciences/lsinf skills.htm#Advanced

  20. CITING & REFERENCING - WHAT • CITING • MENTIONING WORK OF OTHERS IN YOUR OWN WORK • Depressed mood has been shown to interfere with attentional strategies of efficient task solution (Hertel, 1997, 1998; Hertel & Rude, 1991)

  21. CITING & REFERENCING - WHAT • REFERENCING • DETAILING SOURCES CITED / MENTIONED IN TEXT = BIBLIOGRAPHIC DETAILS in REFERENCE LIST / BIBLIOGRAPHY • Hertel, P. T. (1997). On the contributions of deficient cognitive control to memory impairments in depression. Cognition and Emotion, 11, 569–583.

  22. CITING & REFERENCING - WHY • Shows what sources used / how you have used them • Provides evidence in support of argument • Adds authority to your work

  23. CITING & REFERENCING • Helps to display a balance of opinions / wider reading • Lends appropriate style • ESSENTIAL TO GOOD ACADEMIC WRITING • Guards against plagiarism • ALLOWS YOU TO ACKNOWLEDGE YOUR SOURCES

  24. CITING – HOW? • In-text citations • Acknowledge your sources in your text to support points / statements made / quotes eg 1.Statement/opinion 2. What sources read to back this up? “It is worthwhile noting that the link between depression and risk sensitive behavioral strategies is not a theoretical novelty. Indeed, Nesse (2000), Leahy (1997) and Klinger (1975) have all proposed that depressed states represent a risk-management strategy that has evolved to alter an individual’s behaviour in contexts of high risk environments” 3.Evidence – sources used

  25. REFERENCING – HOW? • Link your in-text citations to full bibliographic details of sources in your BIBLIOGRAPHY B IBLIOGRAPHY • Klinger, T. (1975). Depressed states and risk-management strategies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 12, 23-35. • Leahy, M. (1997). Alterations in individuals’ behaviour in contexts of high-risk environments. Journal of Personality, 22, 339-406. • Nesse, J. (2000) Link between depression and risk-sensitive behavior. Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 228-301.

  26. REFERENCES • Give full bibliographic details • Who, what, where, when (description of item) • Books • Author/s or editor/s, title, edition, year/place of publication, publisher • Journals • Author/s, article title, journal name, volume number, issue number, page numbers, year of publication.

  27. WHY? • compile a bibliography for your assignment • acknowledge all sources used • Guards against plagiarism • enable another researcher to find the texts you based your work on • support points made in your argument • add authority to your work Essential for good academic writing

  28. STYLES • Numerous styles in which you can format references • Chicago • Vancouver • American Psychological Association (APA) – based on Harvard author – date system • Style must be consistent

  29. APA STYLE • In-text citations • Author surname(s) followed by date of publication in brackets . . . Berm (1973) has shown that sex-biased advertising contributes to sex discrimination. . . .

  30. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRIES (APA style) Berm,S.L. (1973) Does sex-biased advertising aid and abet sex discrimination? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 3 (1), 6-18. JOURNAL ARTICLE author year of publication title of article name of journal volume part pages BOOK (authored) Festinger,L.A. (1975). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Stanford,C.A.: Stanford University Press. place of publication publisher

  31. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRIES (APA style) Banks, I. (n.d.).The NHS healthcare guide. Retrieved August 29, 2001, from http://www.healthcareguide.nhsdirect.nhs.uk ELECTRONIC SOURCE / WEBSITE

  32. TIPS FOR REFERENCING • MUST BE COMPLETE AND CORRECT • Keep full notes of all sources used! • If you take a photocopy, make sure that you keep a note of the periodical title, volume number, page numbers etc. • It can be very difficult to check back later

  33. SUMMARY • CITING & REFERENCING • WHY • HOW

  34. More information • How to Find Out Guide for Life Sciences>Info Skills http://www.hw.ac.uk/library/LifeSciences/lsinfoskills.htm#organise&recordinfo

  35. PsycINFO demo • Sample search – topic / known item • Illustration of how item cited and referenced

  36. PSYCINFO • Produced by APA • Psychology & related fields • Sociology, criminology, medicine, psychiatry • Records for- • Journal articles / books / chapters / reports / dissertations • 2 million+ records • 1806- • Updated weekly

  37. SUMMARY • PRINCIPLES OF DATABASE SEARCHING • CITING & REFERENCING • WHY • HOW • DEMO SEARCH (PSYCINFO – OVID ONLINE)

  38. CONTACT DETAILS Marion Kennedy Subject Librarian (Chemistry & Life Sciences) t: 3583 e:M.L.Kennedy@hw.ac.uk Enquiry desk: Tuesdays 1-5pm

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