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ILC and SRF R&D

This article highlights the achievements and challenges of SRF R&D for the International Linear Collider (ILC) and Project X, outlining the goals, infrastructure requirements, and progress made so far. It also discusses the funding cuts and financial crisis faced by the research lab.

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ILC and SRF R&D

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  1. ILC and SRF R&D Bob Kephart Fermilab

  2. SRF and the HEP Strategic Plan • The HEPAP P5 subcommittee envisions a long range plan in which FNAL remains the US center for accelerator-based High Energy Physics • The major Program Elements are • Energy Frontier Physics • Neutrino Physics • ILC is the primary long term Energy Frontier goal • in parallel with a strong participation in LHC • Another priority is a world-leading neutrino program • New multi MW SRF linac based proton source is a key • Plans for both the energy frontier ( ILC) and the intensity frontier revolve around SRF based linacs • To be a viable host for ILC or Project X FNAL must have SRF expertise and infrastructure June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  3. Goals of SRF R&D for ILC or Project X • To perfect U.S. fabrication & processing of SRF cavities and cryomodules and to demonstrate performance • Develop ILC/Project X Cryomodule design & assembly techniques • Test cavities and cryomodules at the component level • Establish process controls to reliably achieve (high) cavity gradient • Systems test of RF an RF unit (basic building block of ILC or PX) • Develop lab base to transfer SRF technology to US industry • To facilitate commercial production of SRF components • To reduce construction costs for SRF based linacs • To participate in SRF Research and Development • To prepare FNAL as a viable host site for the ILC or Project X Carry out this work within US and international collaborations to develop the relationships needed for ILC or Project X June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  4. SRF Cavity/CM process and Testing Fail! Cavity Fabrication Surface Processing Vertical Testing Fail! Pass! Horizontal Testing HPR or reprocess He Vessel, couplers, tuner Pass! Cold String Assembly Note:… ILC and Project X b=1 CM are identical June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  5. This Process Requires Extensive Infrastructure • Bare cavities • Fabrication facilities (Industry: Electron beam welder, QC, etc) • Surface treatment facilities BCP & Electro-polish facilities (EP) • Ultra clean H20 & High Pressure Rinse systems • Vertical Test facilities ( Cryogenics + low power RF) • Cavity Dressing Facilities ( cryostat, tuner, coupler) • Class 100 clean room • Horizontal cavity & Coupler test facilities ( RF pulsed power) • String Assembly Facilities • Large class 10/100 clean rooms, Large fixtures • Cryo-module test facilities • Cryogenics, pulsed RF power, LLRF, controls, shielding, etc. • Beam tests  electron source (RF unit test facility at NML) • Plan: Use existing infra/expertise at Cornell, JLAB, ANL • Build new required infrastructure/expertise at FNAL June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  6. Achievements by Dec 08 • Achievements: • TESLA cavities built by U.S. vendor (AES) • Collaborated with Cornell and Jlab to process & test TESLA 9-cell cavities in the U.S. With performance comparable to DESY • Commissioning a new ANL/FNAL joint cavity processing facility • Vertical Test System (VTS1) at FNAL commissioned • Contributing to the intellectual understanding of SRF problems • Horizontal Test System (HTS1) at FNAL commissioned • Tests dressed cavities ( ie tuner, coupler, He vessel) • Cryomodule assembly facility completed ( IB1, MP9) • First U.S. assembled 1.3 GHz cryomodule complete (DESY kit) • RF unit test facility at New Muon Lab under construction • DESY 3.9 GHz cryomodule under construction • First 3.9 GHz cavity tests, excellent performance • Extensive network of collaborations (MOU’s with 18 institutions) June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  7. VTS RF & Control VTS pit NML Facility HTS String Assembly MP9 Clean Room VTS Final Assembly 1st U.S. built ILC/PX Cryomodule June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  8. 9-cell Cavity Test Results in U.S. ILC Px US Vendors need more experience June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  9. Gradient Limits in SRF Cavities Largely Eliminated Usually near Equator EB Weld Practice Techniques ! June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  10. Optically detected Defects in AES cavities Real progress in identifying defects that lead to quench June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  11. FY08 Omnibus Bill (Dec 07) • National ILC funding cut from FY08 plan of $ 60 M to $ 15 M (25%) Cut happened 25% into the fiscal yr • SRF infrastructure B&R cut from $ 23.4 M to $ 5.4 M (23%) • OHEP issued a “Stop Work” order for all ILC and SRF work funded from the B&R codes that were cut • Severe lab financial crisis Rolling furloughs, RIF of 10% of workers, extreme shortage of M&S funds, etc. This continues…. • Determined that: • All SRF funds had been expended (except for $ 255 K of contingency released recently by OHEP to FNAL) • About $ 1.4 M of ILC funds remained at FNAL • Largely because we had not placed an order for cavities from U.S. vendor • Small amount of money remained at Cornell, ANL, Jlab as unspent P.O. funds for ILC cavity processing •  Had to make major cut backs in the program ! • Labor force on ILC/SRF reduced to ~ 25% that in Dec 07 • M&S is less than 10% of our FY08 plan June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  12. Recovery Plan for FY08 • Much reduced program: Workforce: ~ 40 FTE (was 150 FTE ) • Mostly working on 3.9 GHz for DESY, 3.4 FTE on ILC • ~ 2.4 FTE on ILC cavities • ~1 FTE so a few of us can attend GDE meetings • Priorities: • Complete 3.9 GHz module • Interact with Global ILC effort (e.g. Sendei, Dubna GDE meetings) • Process bare cavities in hand with remaining funds • JLAB: ~ 4 process and test cycles • Cornell: ~ 3 process and test cycles • ANL/FNAL: ~ 4 process and test cycles • Dress and test a 1.3 GHz cavity in HTS • Work towards making first CM cold in NML • Clearly trying to survive a crippling blow… • Working with OHEP to make a new 5 yr plan for ILC/SRF • Guidance ILC = 35 M/yr with 1/3 at FNAL, SRF = ~ 25 M /yr June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  13. Elements of the 5 yr plan • Participate in Global ILC effort • ILC machine design and GDE activity during TDP • Civil Design, cost reduction • Work towards ILC SRF Goals: • ILC S0: bare cavity gradient > 35 MV/ meter with good yield • ILC S1: Full ILC CM at average gradient of 31.5 MV/M • ILC S2: Test ILC RF unit • Prepare for Project X: • Infrastructure to produce 1 CM/month by 2013 • Develop SRF expertise and infrastructure at FNAL • Both for ILC and Project X June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  14. Elements of the 5 yr plan • U.S. Cavity Purchases • Develop U.S. cavity vendors • Cavity Processing • Upgrade JLAB and Cornell cavity processing capabilities • Operate new ANL/FNAL joint processing facility • R&D program to understand cavity performance limitations • Vertical Test Systems (tests bare cavities) • Operate VTS1 • IB1 infrastructure upgrades (cryogenics, RF power, control) • Build VTS 2 and 3 (capacity for ILC and Project X) • Horizontal Test System (tests dressed cavities) • Operate HTS1 to support cryomodule construction • Upgrade cryogenics, RF power, control • Build 2nd HTS and RF/cryo upgrades to increase capacity June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  15. Elements of the 5 yr plan • Cryomodules: • Finish Cryomodule Assembly infrastructure • Build Cryomodules in support of both ILC and Project X • Build Stand alone CM test stand • RF Unit Test Facility ( 3 CM, modulator, klystron, LLRF) • NML building infrastructure • AC power, LCW, shield blocks, Control room, etc. • Cryogenics, LLRF, RF power, and distribution for 1 CM • Cryogenics and RF upgrades (for full RF unit) • Electron gun, capture cavity, magnets, instrumentation, beam dump, etc. • Goal: by 2012 Complete and test a full RF unit (of ILC or Project X) June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  16. Timeline June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

  17. Conclusions • Excellent Progress prior to 08 Omnibus Bill • Omnibus = very disruptive… • but have recovery plan • Progress is completely funding limited • Evolving 5 yr plan: coordinates ILC and Project X • If successful, this plan accomplishes: • ILC S1 goal in Mid 2010 • ILC S2 goal in mid 2012 • Ready for Project X construction in ~2013 • U.S. participation in ILC construction ~ 2015-16 June 22-24, 2008 DOE S&T Review – Bob Kephart

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