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The upheaval caused great hardship on both sides, but in modern times it has resulted in a relatively homogeneous population spared any risk of the tensions suffered by Cyprus.
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In between 1920 and 1922 Greece was included in a disastrous campaign of expansionism on the mainland of Turkey for which Venizelos did not leave all blame. The taking place exchange of populations under the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) brought more than a million refugees to Greece. Constitutional concerns continued to dominate Greek politics: for a period the nation became a republic. In 1932 in a climate controlled by the insoluble issues and difficulty of the years of world-wide economic anxiety, and faced with bitter opposition to procedures which were seen as an effort to limit the freedom of the press, Venizelos was forced to resign. The following year he endured an assassination attempt and then in a mood of frustration at the failure of the Republic he retired to Crete. The brand-new figure at the centre of Greek politics was the fervent monarchist, General Metaxas; his option for constitutional stalemate was to encourage the King to dissolve Parliament and the Chamber did not sit once again for ten years. Metaxas himself assumed power as a dictator. However, he anticipated that war in Europe was inescapable, and he has actually been given due share of the credit for the reality that Greece, alone among the countries of southeast Europe, was in a position effectively to resist hostility when it came. Mussolini inhabited Albania on Easter Monday 1939, and the danger presented by a fascist power on Greece's border led to a British and French warranty of Greek territorial sovereignty. Metaxas declared neutrality early in August 19401. On 27 October he participated in a night reception at the Italian legation in Athens, however early next day the Italian Minister conveyed to him crete greece a final notice which he is stated to have actually declined with the single word 'No'. This legendary gesture of defiance is happily celebrated by a legal holiday on 28 October each year. Mussolini's soldiers were even at the time of the warning currently getting into Greece, which became the only country voluntarily to go into the war on the Allied side during that period when Britain stood alone versus the Axis powers. " src="
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The Greek army drove back the Italians to a position of stalemate in the mountainous terrain of Albania, however the balance was to be altered by Hitler's decision to march into Greece to secure the southern flank of his planned Russian front. In March Greece accepted support by a little expeditionary force made up of British, Australian and New Zealand soldiers, and a frontline was established in northern Greece, but the combined forces were rethymnon crete unable to halt Hitler's invasion, and despite Greece's proclaimed determination to fight to the last, the campaign ended up being a series of rearguard actions. crete cities In mid April the new Prime Minister dedicated suicide; the King turned to a Cretan, Emmanuel places to go in crete Tsouderos, and it was to Crete that the inevitable evacuation was to he holidays in crete directed.