Steve Pierce President The Oregon Chapter of the American Meteorological Society (AMS)

1. Steve PiercePresidentThe Oregon Chapter of the American Meteorological Society (AMS)

2. Oregon AMS Mission Statement“The purpose of this society shall be to advance professional ideals in the science of meteorology and to promote the development, exchange and application of meteorological knowledge.”

3. Current 2012/13 Oregon AMS Executive Council President – Steve Pierce Vice President – Bobby Corser Secretary – Brian MacMillan Treasurer & Web Master – John Rinier Councilors – Mark Nelsen, Tyree Wilde & Crystal Stout

4. Oregon AMS UpdatesOregon AMS yearly membership dues are only $10 per year! The Oregon AMS is now the single largest AMS chapter in the country with 180 members. We host 8 monthly meetings per year along with the annual “Winter Weather Forecast Conference” now in it’s 21st year. We also host a great season ending summer picnic.We are on Twitter @OregonAMS and we are also on Facebook at: facebook.com/oregonams. Our web site is easily found on any search engine. Just type “Oregon AMS!”Are you an AMS member?

5. Oregon AMS Updates ** Upcoming Meetings **Tuesday, March 19th 7:30pm“Hurricanes, weather patterns and climate change — why a few degrees matter” with Richard Anthes, former President of the American Meteorological Society (2007).Location: Portland State University. Co-sponsored by the Columbia / Willamette Sigma Xi chapter.April – *Tentative* Hydrology & Flood Forecasting Reliability w/ Les Miller (Army Corps) and Andy Bryant (National Weather Service). Time, Date and Location = TBD

6. A Quick Winter Weather Update

7. A Quick Winter Weather Update BORING WEATHER = NO SNOW!

8. Lt Col Matt Doggett Commander, 123 Weather Flight Oregon Air National Guard Air Force Weather

9. Who Are We • Three Weather Units. Three distinct missions • Aviation • 142FW • 123 FS • OSW (Weather) • Special Ops • 123STS • SOWT • Army • 123WF

10. How We Are Organized

11. Air Force Weather History • The Early Years • 1804. Military responsibility • 1819. Medical Corps • 1870. Signal Corps • 1890. Weather Bureau • 1937. Birthday!

12. The Early Years • Earliest known records

13. 1804. Enter the military

14. 1819-1870. The Medical Corps Dr Joseph Lovell

15. 1870-1890. The Signal Corps An U.S. Army Signal Corps soldier at Pikes Peak weather station, transmits latest weather data by heliograph (circa 1880s)

16. 1890-1917. The US Weather Bureau U.S. Army Signal Corps and Weather Bureau Station on Pikes Peak, altitude 14,147 feet (circa 1890s) (U.S. Army Signal Corps)

17. Birth of a Weather Service July 1, 1937

18. Weather War Stories • Birth of the Jet Stream. • First Tornado Forecast • Small Forecast. Big Impact. • Winds of Change • Isn’t that Special? • A Quick Rescue • Beyond the Battlefield • The Final Frontier • Some Gave All Know the enemy, know yourself; your victory will never be endangered. Know the ground, know the weather; your victory will then be total. - Sun Tzu, The Art of War, c.400-320 b.c.

19. Birth of the Jet Stream. Carl-Gustav Rossby

20. First Tornado Forecast Aircraft damage from first Tornado at Tinker AFB, 20 Mar 1948 Capt Miller and Maj Fawbush

21. Small Forecast. Big Impact.

22. Winds of Change Within hours of the attacks, AFCCC produced special reports on winds for all three runways at Reagan National

23. Winds of Change AFWA iGRADS replaced the need for manned rawinsonde operations with a Field Artillery unit in a combat zone.

24. Isn’t that Special SOWT operator transmitting an observation from a remote location high in the mountains of Afghanistan.

25. A Quick Rescue

26. Beyond the Battlefield • Hurricanes, Volcanoes, and Floods! Oh my! • Haiti • Deepwater Horizon. • Pakistan flooding.

27. The Final Frontier • Rocket Launches • Shuttle support • Solar

28. Some Gave All Capt Nathan J Nylander 27 Apr 2011

29. Why Not Just Use the NWS?

30. NWS Ft Drum Forecast When will the snow start? When will it end? How much? Will my aircraft be able to fly? When will aviation be grounded? Will tracked vehicles be affected? Will satellites or communications be hindered?

31. US Air Force CWTFt Drum Forecast

32. Air Force Weather

33. Training and OpsSMSgt Chris Payne • Weather Forecasting School • Weather Readiness Training Course • Training at Home Station • Operations

34. Unclassified/FOUO Upon completion of Basic Training or transfer from sister service (US Army, US Navy, US Coast Guard or US Marines) Weather Forecasting School, Keesler AFB – 30 weeks Training includes basic, intermediate, and advanced meteorology, meteorological reports and computer operations. Other topics include: satellite meteorology, weather chart analysis, weather radar, weather products, tropical meteorology, synoptic level analytical meteorology, weather prognosis techniques, and severe weather forecasting.

35. Wx School Course Outline • Element 1 Block 1-Meteorology (Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced). Block 2-Satellite (Interpretation) Block 3-Encoding/Upper Air Charts Block 4-Macroscale Analysis Techniques (A Study of the long wave pattern to include physics and dynamics, an introduction to models, and they also have to successfully analyze a hemispheric chart, and satellite)

36. Wx School Course Outline • Element 2 Block 5-Synoptic scale analysis techniques (Including: Physics, Dynamics, a more in-depth look at satellite interpretation, and modelinitialization/verification)Block 6-Synoptic Lab (Chart analysis of both the long wave pattern, synoptic pattern, satellite) Block 7-Mescoscale Analysis Techniques (A study of convective/non-convective severe weather, to include radar basics)Block 8-Mesoscale Analysis Lab (Analysis of Synoptic and Mesoscale features; students are actually put on an OPUP with a saved scenario (many scenarios) for them to practice, and special observations) .Block 9-Macro/Synoptic Scale Forecast Techniques (Study of basicMacro/Synoptic scale rules/dynamics)Block 10-Macro/Synoptic Scale Forecast Lab

37. Wx School Course Outline • Element 3 Block 11-Meso/Microscale Forecast Techniques Block 12- Meso/Microscale Forecast Lab (The students are given an in-depth look at models, further interpretation of the models, and how to apply them in the real world. Block 13-Forecast Lab (The students are given a base to forecast for, and issue WWA's, write TAFS, do manual observations, analyze charts/satellite Block 14-Air Force Weather Career Field (Basic 5 and 7 skill level progression, the FMQ-19, deployable equipment, some basic Army support terminology)

38. Active Duty Weather Troops • Assigned to one of eight (8) major Air Force Weather "Hubs" (which are major regional weather forecasting stations) • Barksdale AFB, LA • Shaw AFB, SC • Davis-Monthan AFB, AZ • Scott AFB, IL • Sembach AB, Germany • Yakota AB, Japan • Hickam AFB, HI • Elmendorff AFB, AK. • Undergo intensive on-the-job training for a period of 15 to 24 months.

39. ANG Weather Operations Course (Camp Blanding, FL) • 17 Week Course (Starts every 4 weeks) • Observing, Met Applications, Army Unique Weather Support, Air Field Unique Weather Support

40. Battlefield Airmen Weather Support Locations 116WF 123WF 202WF 208WF 126WF 107WF 203WF 146WF 164WF 207WF 113WF 200WF 127WF 105WF 156WF 125WF 154WF 210WF 195WF 181WF 199WF 159WF 209WF Special Operations Weather Teams supporting Special Operations Forces Battlefield Weather Flights supporting Conventional ARNG Forces

41. Army Weather Support • Wx Warnings & Advisories • Weather Briefings • Extended Planning Weather Forecasts • Climatology • River Level Forecasts • Weather Thresholds to weapons systems

42. Specific Mission and Army Customer • 41st IBCT (Clackamas, OR) • 116th CAV (Boise, ID) • State Joint Operations Center (Salem, OR)

43. Questions?

45. SOWT History - WWII • Yugoslavia • _ OSS recruited weathermen to parachute into German occupied • Yugoslavia to radio out weather reports • _ Supported bombing missions against targets in the Balkans to • support supply missions to Marshall Tito’s partisans • _ These men received their jump training at a British jump school • in Palestine • Normandy / Holland • _ Weathermen attached to the 101st ABN and 82nd ABN • _ Parachuted into Europe in order to provide weather data • China-India-Burma Theater • _ OSS weathermen parachuted into • Burma to train Burmese fighters • _ Trained to take &send out weather • reports • Pacific Theater • _ JC-40 Group weathermen worked behind Japanese lines • in the Philippines to support air strikes & naval bombardments • in preparation for MacArthur’s campaign • _ By October of 1944 they operated 39 weather reporting stations

46. SOWT History – Grimes Years Birth of Modern SOWT • _ In 1963 Captain Keith Grimes formed Detachment 75 of the 2ndWeather Group at • HurlburtField to support Air Force Air Commandos • _ ‘Jungle Jim’, elements provided weather support to special forces involved in • unconventional warfare throughout Vietnam and surrounding countries • _ 1965 deployed with 7th SFG during the Dominican Republic crisis Laos • _ 1965 to 1973 Grimes and his weatherman established • a weather network in Laos • _ They trained Laotians & Air America members how to • record & transmit weather data • _ At its height 10 Air America and 18 Laotian sites were • producing& transmitting 4500 observations a month Cambodia • _ 1974 LtCol Grimes as commander, established weather • network in Cambodia creating 3 weather stations • _ Improved aerial reconnaissance and resupply missions

47. SOWT Training Pipeline Special Operations Weather Selection Course, Lackland, AFB - 2 weeks Special Operations Weather Initial Skills Course, Keesler AFB – 29 weeks Training includes basic, intermediate, and advanced meteorology, meteorological reports and computer operations. Other topics include: satellite meteorology, weather chart analysis, weather radar, weather products, tropical meteorology, synoptic level analytical meteorology, weather prognosis techniques, and severe weather forecasting. U.S. Army Airborne School, Fort Benning - 3 weeks U.S. Air Force Basic Survival School, Fairchild AFB, - 2 ½ weeks U.S. Air Force Water Survival Training, Fairchild AFB – 2 days U.S. Air Force Underwater Egress Training, Fairchild AFB - 2 days Special Operations Weather Apprentice Course, Pope AFB – 13 weeks Special Tactics Operational Readiness Training , Hurlburt Field - 12-months Produces mission-ready operators for the Air Force and U.S. Special Operations Command

48. Additional SOWT Training - Static Line Jumpmaster - Military Free Fall Parachutist - MFF Jumpmaster - Military Scout Swimmer - Military Scuba Qualification - Avalanche Analysis and Forecasting (LVL 2) - Riverine Analysis and Forecasting Course • -Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems • Operator Certification

49. SOWT Core Competencies - Environmental Collection • Terrain Analysis • Riverine Assessments • Avalanche Hazard Assessments • Small Unmanned Aircraft System (SUAS) • WX Sensor Emplacement - Austere Airfield Weather Operations • Surface/Upper Air Observations - Limited Data Forecasting/ Nowcasting/ Mission Execution Forecasting - Chemical Downwind Message

50. SOWT Way Ahead National Meteorological Service Assessments • Assess a nation's meteorological infrastructure strictly • based on the nation's capability to provide • operationally and tactically relevant and accurate • weather information in support of SOF missions and • mission profiles to include FID, COIN, and other • SOF-enabled operations. Establishing SOF and Indigenous Weather Networks • Organize, train, equip, advise, and assist SOF and indigenous forces to build meteorological capacity/infrastructure in order to provide a more adequate weather data coverage Weather Site Surveys • Conduct weather site surveys of existing airfield services, of airfields without services, and of assault landing zones to determine the level of existing weather operations or the requirement for weather capabilities IOT allow for use in humanitarian, nation building, or other activities.