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Dive into the intricacies of the nervous system, from neurons and impulses to reflexes and brain functions. Learn how this vital system controls your body's every move and response to stimuli. Discover the central and peripheral nervous systems and the importance of each component. Explore the different types of neurons and their roles in transmitting messages throughout your body. Gain insights into how the brain and spinal cord work together to regulate involuntary actions and complex mental processes. Equip yourself with knowledge to understand the incredible mechanisms that keep you alive and healthy.
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The Nervous System Coach Book: Pgs. 62-65
The Main Idea: • Your body carries out many complex activities to keep you alive and healthy. • These activities must be controlled to keep the body working properly. • Most of the body functions are controlled and coordinated by your nervous system.
Importance of Nervous System • You could not move without your nervous system, or think, feel pain, or taste any of your favorite foods!
Any internal or external change that causes a response is called a stimulus. (plural stimuli) • The nervous system controls the body’s functions and its responses to stimuli. • The nervous system is composed of three main structures: the brain, the spinal cord, and the many nerves throughout your body.
The Central and Peripheral Nervous System: • The central nervous system is made up of the brainand the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of the many nerves that communicate between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. Both parts of the nervous system are involved in bothvoluntary and involuntary actions.
Neurons • Your nervous system is like a giantcomputer, with wires and electrical circuits sending and receiving messages.
Neurons Nerve cells, or neurons, branch out from the brain and the spinal cord. Many neurons form bundles of fibers called nerves. These nerves form a network through which messages in the form of electrical signals can travel to all parts of the body. The electrical signals carried by neurons are called impulses.
Notice that the neuron is made up of three main PARTS: dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. • Structure of a typical nerve cell. Dendrites Cell body Axon
Neurons continued… • Impulses travel through neurons in only onedirection. • An impulse is transmitted from the axon of the one neuron to the dendrite of another. • The dendrite carries the impulse to the cellbody. • The axon then carries the impulse away from the cell body to the next neuron. ONLY
Types of Neurons • There are 3 main TYPES: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. • Sensory neurons - carry impulses from the sense organs to the spinal cord and brain. • Sense organs are parts of your body that take in information from the external world. • Most of your sense organs are centralized in your head. (eyes, ears, nose, & taste buds)
Types of Neurons continued… • Your body’s largestsense organ is your skin. • Once information is sentto the brain to process, your brain decides how the body willrespond. 2.Motor neurons carry impulses from the brain and spinal to the muscles and glands. 3.Interneurons, carry impulses betweensensory neurons and motor neurons.
Central Nervous System • The central nervous system is the control center of the body. It includes the brain and spinal cord. • The thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves is the spinal cord.
Central Nervous System • The brain controls most functions in the body. • The brain is located in the head and is protected by the skull.
Protecting the Brain • 3 layers of connectivetissue cover the brain. • The space between the middle layer and inner layer is filled with a watery fluid that helps protect it. • The skull also protects the brain. Fun Facts!!!
Parts of the brain: • Cerebrum - largest part of the brain. • Interprets input from the senses, controls movement, and carries out complex mental processes like learning. - Certain areas of it are associated with smell, touch, taste, hearing, and vision. - Other areas control movement, speech, written language and abstract thought.
Parts of the Brain cont… 2. Cerebellum- 2nd largest part of brain. -Coordinates the actions of your muscles and helps you keep your balance. 3. The brain stemcontrols your involuntaryactions like breathing and your heartbeat.
The Spinal Cord Central Nervous System • The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that links the peripheral nerves and the brain. • The spinal cord runs down the center of your back and is protected inside a column of bones, the vertebrae.
Central Nervous System continued… • The brain and the spinal cord are connected by the brain stem. • The brain stem is the part of your nervous system that controls your body’s involuntaryresponses. • Involuntary responses are those that are not under your conscious control and happen automatically. (ex. Heartbeat)
Reflexes • Most responses are controlled • by the brain. • However, a reflex is controlled • by the spinalcord. • A reflex is a rapid, involuntaryresponse to a stimulus. • An example, if you touch a really hot object with your hand. The impulse is sent to the spinal cord immediately. The spinal cord responds by sending impulses to your arm muscles to cause you to quickly pull away your hand.
